Abstract:
Method and apparatus for obtaining an enhanced clearer measurement signal with improved fringe contrast from a laser interferometer. The interferometer sends a laser beam (12) through atmospheric air to a polarizing or nonpolarizing beamsplitter (13) that sends one laser beam portion (14,16) to a fixed reference retroreflector (15) and another portion (19,21) to a movable measurement retroreflector (20). Both beams, upon retroreflection go back to the beamsplitter and are recombined to produce a combined beam (22) that is then sent to an aperture (30) such that only a small selected portion of that combined beam passes through the aperture, attenuating the energy of the combined beam but increasing its fringe contrast. This portion is sent to a detector (32) and is subsequently amplified by a high-gain amplifier.
Abstract:
An optical system for analyzing and correcting wave fronts comprising a deformable mirror for correcting wave fronts and a system for analyzing and detecting phase distorsion, an interferometer with lateral duplication constituting the analyses system, receiving the wave front for analysis and duplicating it and deducing from two neighbouring wave fronts obtained signals to control deformation of the said deformable mirror, wherein this lateral duplication interferometer is a polorization interferometer consisting of a Wollaston double-refractive biprism with an angle 0, the two prisms being assembled head to tail and cut parallel to the crystallographic axis such that the respective axes are parallel and perpendicular to the edges of the prisms a polarizer and an anlayser on either side of the said biprism and an oscillating optical member on the path of the said biprism.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an interferometric system which includes a polarization separation means (10), a first polarization conversion means (11), a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2) including a first (4) and second (5) arm connected to one another by a first (6) and second (7) end in order for a first and second beam (20, 21) having the same polarization to pass through the interferometer in a reciprocal manner in opposite directions of propagation, respectively, so as to form a first and second interferometric beam (22, 23), a second polarization conversion means (11) for obtaining an interferometric beam (24), the polarization of which is converted, a polarization-combining means (10), and a detection means (8) suitable for detecting an output beam (25).
Abstract:
A first tunable wavelength pulse light source (22) is driven by a reference signal to emit a first optical pulse. An optical demultiplexer (24) demultiplexes a first optical pulse emitted from the first pulse light source (22) into a reference optical pulse and an incident optical pulse to be sent into an object to be measured. An optical multiplexer (26) multiplexes the reference optical pulse and an outgoing optical pulse passing through the object to output multiplexed light. A second pulse light source (23) generates a second optical pulse which is synchronous with the first optical pulse and delays a predetermined time for each period of the first optical pulse. A sampling unit (27, 27a, 27b) receives the multiplexed light and the second optical pulse to obtain an optical pulse train signal proportional to the intensity of the multiplexed light obtained in synchronism with the second optical pulse. From the optical pulse train signal from the sampling unit (27, 27a, 27b), a signal processor (37) obtains an envelope formed by peaks of individual optical pulses forming the optical pulse train. The wavelength dispersion of the object is obtained by measuring the delay time of the outgoing optical pulse passing through the object on the basis of intervals between the peaks of the envelope.
Abstract:
An inspection method and apparatus is disclosed, wherein a laser beam from a laser source is separated into two orthogonal, linearly polarized lights which are then modulated at different shift frequencies and are projected on the same spot on a surface to be inspected. Scattered light resulting in response to impingement of one laser beam and resulting from depolarization attributable to a particle or fault on the surface, and zero-th order diffraction light resulting from the other laser beam, are caused to interfere with each other. The resultant interference light is detected through heterodyne detecting method, whereby a beat signal is detected only on the basis of the light depolarized by the particle or fault. This assures precise inspection of a high S/N ratio to a particle or fault on the surface.
Abstract:
The device comprises : a laser device (10, 20) for the frequency n1 (11) and the frequency n2 (21), each provided with a polarizing beam splitter (12, 22) for producing crossed polarized partial beams of frequency n1 (13, 14) and n2 (23, 24), respectively, with a modulator (18, 28) for shifting the frequency of each of the partial beams to the frequency f1 or f2, respectively, with a pair of deflecting mirrors (15, 17, 25, 27) and with a polarizing beam splitter (16, 26) for uniting (19, 29) the partial beams n1, n1+f1, n2, n2+f2; two photodetectors (35, 45) before each of which a polarizer (34, 44) is arranged; a Michelson interferometer; a non-polarizing beam splitter (30) for distributing each of the partial beams (19, 29) into a measurement light beam (32) or a reference light beam (33). The reference light beam is transmitted to the corresponding photodetector (35). The measurement light beam (32) is transmitted to the Michelson interferometer and then to the corresponding photodetector (45).The photodetector signals are modulated in function of the amplitude, and the phase difference between the two modulated signals is determined. This phase difference depends only on the position of the test object and the equivalent wavelenght of the difference, n1-n2. For stabilization or correction, the device can be executed in duplicate and one of the executions used as a reference. The corresponding process can be applied to determine positions or distances as the interval between two positions. Uncertainties can be eliminated by shifting the distance or changing the frequency with simultaneous integration of the phase difference over time.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for monitoring process fluids used in the manufacture of semiconductor components and other microelectronic devices relies upon detection of the phase shift of a a pair of optical energy beams encountering a bubble or particle in the fluid. The system distinguishes between bubbles and particles having indices of refraction greater than the surrounding fluid and between different types and sizes of particles.
Abstract:
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Brechzahl n einer Substanz beschrieben, bei dem monochromatisches Licht einem in ein Substrat integrierten Monomode Wellenleiter zugeführt wird, der über einen Abschnitt vorbestimmter Länge mit der zu messenden Substanz in Kontakt gebracht wird. Dadurch wird die effektive Brechzahl in diesem Abschnitt des Wellenleiters verändert. Dieser Effekt wird zur Messung der Brechzahl der Meßsubstanz verwendet. Die Änderung der effektiven Brechzahl verursacht eine Phasenverschiebung des durch den Meßabschnitt laufenden Lichtes. Diese Phasenverschiebung wird als Phasendifferenz zu einem von der Meßsubstanz nicht beeinflußten Lichtanteil gemessen, wobei diese Messung vorzugsweise interferometrisch erfolgt.