Abstract:
Gel-free dispersant additives for lubricating and fuel oil compositions comprise at least one adduct of (A) alpha -olefin homopolymer or interpolymer of 700 to 10,000 M &cir& NOt n, free radically grafted with an average of from about 0.5 to about 5 carboxylic acid producing moieties per polymer chain, and (B) at least one non-aromatic nucleophilic post-treating reactant selected from (i) amine compounds containing only a single reactive amino group per molecule, (ii) alcohol compounds containing only a single hydroxy group per molecule, (iii) polyamine compounds containing at least two reactive amino groups per molecule, (iv) polyol compounds containing at least two reactive hydroxy groups per molecule, (v) aminoalcohol compounds containing at least one reactive amino group and at least one reactive hydroxy group per molecule, and (vi) mixtures of (i) to (v); provided that when said post-treating reactant includes one or more of (iii), (iv) or (v), the reaction between (A) and (B) is conducted in the presence of sufficient chain-stopping or end-capping co-reactant (C) to ensure that the grafted and post-reacted product mixture is gel-free.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a fuel additive containing at least one unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon and at least one organic sodium compound in a quantitative ratio in which the quantity of sodium is at the most equivalent to that of the chlorine, and at least one organic solvent. The additive is introduced into liquid fuel in a quantity such that the concentration of the chlorine hydrocarbon in the fuel amounts to 0.001 - 0.2 vol % . The additive considerably reduces the pollutant emission of internal combustion engines.
Abstract:
A lubricant-fuel mixture containing an amine salt and/or amide of a benzoic acid or thiobenzoic acid derivative, an amine salt of a phosphoric acid derivative, or certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides is effective in reducing the smoke emitted during operation of a two-cycle internal combustion engine.
Abstract:
Use of a viscosity increasing component in a diesel fuel composition, to improve the acceleration performance, at low engine speeds (for example up to 2200 rpm), of a turbo charged diesel engine into which the composition is introduced. This use may be for reducing the engine speed at which the turbo charger reaches its maximum speed when accelerating at low engine speeds, or reducing the time taken for the turbo charger to reach its maximum speed. It may mitigate a deterioration in the acceleration performance of the engine due to another cause. The VK 40 of the resultant fuel composition is suitably 2.8 mm 2 /s (centistokes) or greater. The viscosity increasing component may in particular be a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, an oil or a fatty acid alkyl ester. A density increasing component may be used in the fuel composition together with the viscosity increasing component.
Abstract:
Die mit Vitalelementen und/oder Schutzstoffen angereicherten troposphärischen Raumelemente und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Anwendung werden beschrieben. Mit Vitalelementen werden hier die die Entwicklung der lebendigen Bestandteile der irdischen Biosphäre fördernden Stoffe bezeichnet und mit Schutzstoffen werden hier diejenigen Stoffe bezeichnet, die direkt oder indirekt dazu führen, dass schädliche Einwirkungen auf die irdische Biosphäre, insbesondere den Menschen, verhindert werden. Die erfindungsgemässen troposphärischen Raumelemente sind mit Vitalelementen und/oder Schutzstoffen angereichert. troposphärische Raumelemente in der Form von schadstoffilaltigen Wolken, die bei der Havarie von Anlagen entweichen Können, werden mit Schutzstoffen angereichert, die die Aufnahme radioaktiver Elemente in den Organismus verhindern, die Ausdehnung der von den Wolken belasteten Bereiche minimieren und die zusätzlich Warn- und Markierfunktionen innehaben. Die angereicherten troposphärischen Raumelemente Können zahlreiche vorteilhafte Auswirkungen haben, von denen die wichtigsten sind: Klimaabkühlung und Klimastabilisierung Steigerung der Nahrungsmittelproduktion Erzeugung von Methanhydrat und Kerogen als nachwachsende Energieträger Verminderung der Luftschadstoffe Zunahme der Niederschläge Verminderung der Schaden und Opferzahlen insbesondere durch Kernreaktorunglücke.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a fuel. The fuel comprises a composition comprising an iron complex and a tetraalkyl lead compound, characterised in that the concentration of elemental lead is from about 0.01g/litre to about 0.2g/litre and the concentration of elemental iron is from about 1 ppm to less than 30 ppm.
Abstract:
A method of controlling asphaltene precipitation in a fluid comprising the addition of a precipitation inhibitor to the fluid containing the asphaltene.
Abstract:
The invention concerns semi-fluorinated alkanes of the general formulae RFRH and RFRHRF, RF being a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group and RH being a linear or branched saturated (hydrocarbon)-alkyl group.
Abstract:
Gel-free dispersant additives for lubricating and fuel oil compositions comprise at least one adduct of (A) α-olefin homopolymer or interpolymer of 700 to 10,000 M^¨B7n, free radically grafted with an average of from about 0.5 to about 5 carboxylic acid producing moieties per polymer chain, and (B) at least one non-aromatic nucleophilic post-treating reactant selected from (i) amine compounds containing only a single reactive amino group per molecule, (ii) alcohol compounds containing only a single hydroxy group per molecule, (iii) polyamine compounds containing at least two reactive amino groups per molecule, (iv) polyol compounds containing at least two reactive hydroxy groups per molecule, (v) aminoalcohol compounds containing at least one reactive amino group and at least one reactive hydroxy group per molecule, and (vi) mixtures of (i) to (v); provided that when said post-treating reactant includes one or more of (iii), (iv) or (v), the reaction between (A) and (B) is conducted in the presence of sufficient chain-stopping or end-capping co-reactant (C) to ensure that the grafted and post-reacted product mixture is gel-free.
Abstract:
A fuel additive composition comprising: (a) a fuel-soluble aliphatic amine selected from the group consisting of (1) a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl-substituted amine, (2) a hydroxyalkyl substituted amine, and (3) a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide; and (b) a polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic compound or salt thereof wherein the polyalkyl group has sufficient molecular weight and carbon chain length to render the polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic compound soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range.