Abstract:
A thin film transistor includes a two-layer gate metallization comprising a relatively thin first layer of a first conductor and a relatively thick second layer of a second conductor with the second conductor being capable of being etched with an etchant that produces substantially no etching of the first conductor layer. During device fabrication, the thick gate metallization layer (second conductor) is selectively etched until all of that material is removed in the openings in the mask. The thin lower layer (first conductor) is then etched with a minimum of etching into the substrate. The gate dielectric and subsequent layers deposited over this gate metallization have high integrity and highly reliable continuity because of the sloped nature of the gate metallization sidewalls, and because of the shallow gate metallization topography due to minimization of substrate etching during gate metallization patterning.
Abstract:
Positive control over the length of the overlap between the gate electrode (18) and the source and drain electrodes (36) in a thin film transistor is provided by a gate conductor layer (18) comprising two different conductors (14, 16) having differing etching characteristics. As part of the gate conductor pattern definition process, both gate conductors (14, 16) are etched to expose the underlying material (12) and the upper gate conductor layer (16) is etched back to expose the first gate conductor layer (14) in accordance with the desired overlap between the gate electrode (18) and the source and drain electrodes (36). Thereafter, the remainder of the device is fabricated with the source and drain electrodes (36) self-aligned with respect to the second gate conductor layer (14) using a planarization and non-selective etch method.
Abstract:
A circuit transformation that doubles the effective sampling rate of any switched capacitor oversampled, interpolative modulator, regardless of its order, employs, in each integrator of the modulator, a second input capacitor and switches that operate on alternate clock phases. In addition, two quantizers, instead of one, are employed in the network and are operated on opposite clock phases. Alternatively, the quantizers can be operated at twice the normal rate if feasible for the particular circuit. The effective operating rate is thereby doubled without any increase in clock rate or circuit speed requirements, resulting in improved analog-to-digital resolution or conversion rate.
Abstract:
Flashover protection is provided for a locomotive propulsion system including a plurality of d-c traction motors each having a commutator subject to flashovers, a traction alternator having armature and field windings and a rotor driven by a prime mover, a controllable source of excitation current connected to the alternator field, and means including an electric power rectifier for connecting the alternator to the motor commutators. It comprises means for producing a fault signal whenever a flashover occurs in any motor, a solid-state controllable electric valve connected between the excitation current source and the alternator field and having alternative conducting and non-conducting states, and means for changing the valve from conducting to non-conducting states in response to a fault signal being produced, whereupon the magnitude of excitation current in the alternator field is rapidly reduced toward zero and the alternator's output current is correspondingly decreased whenever a flashover occurs.
Abstract:
Compatible copolymer-containing compositions are prepared by the reaction of a salicylate-capped polyphenylene ether, preferably prepared by reaction of a polyphenylene ether with trimellitic anhydride phenyl salicylate ester, with a polyarylene sulfide containing amine groups, preferably prepared by the reaction of a polyarylene sulfide with a disulfide containing amine groups. The compositions may also contain polyphenylene ether-compatible impact modifiers.
Abstract:
A reactivity control system includes a reservoir (42) containing a liquid nuclear poison (44), at least one stationary, hollow control blade (32) extending vertically into a reactor core (14), and a poison conduit (52) disposed in flow communication between the reservoir (42) and control blade (32) for channelling the poison (44) between the reservoir (42) and control blade (32). The level of the poison in the control blade is controlled for selectively varying nuclear reactivity in the core.
Abstract:
Melt blends of thermoplastic aromatic polyester, such as polybutylene terephthalate, with epoxy functionalized EPDM rubber or orthoester functionalized EPDM rubber and an effective amount of a crosslinking agent, such as a free radical initiator, have been found to provide thermoplastic elastomers having an elastic recovery % of at least 70.
Abstract:
Thermoplastic molding compositions having an inherent matte or low gloss surface finish comprise a polymer blend of a polycarbonate and an emulsion grafted ABS polymer, and a low gloss enhancing amount of a poly(epoxide).
Abstract:
In a widescreen signal encoding/decoding system for a television-type signal, side panel chrominance information (I, Q) is conveyed (45, 46, 55) in double sideband form on an auxiliary subcarrier (ASC) having a field inverting phase relative to the phase of a standard chrominance subcarrier. Side panel high frequency luminance information (YH) exclusive of low frequency information also is conveyed (44, 50) on the auxiliary subcarrier (ASC), but in single sideband form. Illustratively the auxiliary subcarrier is at the 3.58 MHz frequency of the standard chrominance subcarrier.
Abstract:
Disclosed are flame retardant polyetherimide ester compositions comprising: (i) at least one polyetherimide ester resin; and (ii) a flame retardant effective amount of a mixture comprising (a) at least one polyphosphonate ester, and (b) at least one ammonium polyphosphate.