Abstract:
A polyester film made of organic polymer particles, which have a specified strength at the time of deformation, and of which the product of the specific surface area and diameter is specified. The particles in film form are deformed in a specific direction, and the film has a surface with minute projections. This polyester film has a desired surface form, particularly suitable for magnetic recording media, and has excellent balance of travellability, wear resistance and electromagnetic conversion characteristics.
Abstract:
An object of the present invention is to provide a composite semipermeable membrane which has practical water permeability and high alkali resistance. The composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention includes: a supporting membrane including a substrate and a porous supporting layer; and a separation functional layer disposed on the porous supporting layer of the supporting membrane, in which the separation functional layer includes a crosslinked fully aromatic polyamide, and when a carboxyl group/amide group molar ratio of the separation functional layer is expressed by x, x is 0.54 or less.
Abstract:
This composite semipermeable membrane provided with a substrate, a porous supporting layer formed on the substrate, and a separation functional layer formed on the porous supporting layer, wherein the separation functional layer has a crosslinked wholly aromatic polyamide as the main component and contains a carboxy group. Of the functional groups contained in the separation functional layer, the ratio (molar equivalent of carboxy groups) / (molar equivalent of amide groups) is 0.40 or greater, and the average of oxygen atom/nitrogen atom ratios on the front and back of the separation functional layer is 0.95 or less.
Abstract:
A separation membrane for water treatment, comprising a porous layer that is obtained by a phase separation method using a solution containing a resin and at least one of either an N,N-disubstituted isobutylamide or an N-monosubstituted isobutylamide.
Abstract:
An object of the invention is to provide a composite semipermeable membrane which combines the high ability to remove substances other than water and high water permeability. The invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane including a porous supporting membrane and a separation functional layer, in which, in cross-sections having a length of 2.0 µm in a membrane surface direction, the average number density of projections in the separation functional layer which have a height of one-fifth or more of the 10-point average surface roughness is 10.0-30.0 projections/µm and the projections have an average height less than 100 nm, and in which a water production rate and a salt rejection are predetermined values or more after an aqueous solution is passed through under certain conditions.
Abstract:
Provided is a composite semipermeable membrane having a polyamide separation-functional layer on a porous support layer, wherein the polyamide separation-functional layer has a yellow index of 10 to 40, and the actual length of the polyamide separation-functional layer per 1 µm-length of the porous support layer is from 2 µm to 5 µm, or a composite semipermeable membrane having on a porous support layer a polyamide separation-functional layer prepared by polycondensation of polyfunctional amines with polyfunctional acid halides, wherein the polyamide separation-functional layer is formed by the steps of (A) interfacial polycondensation in which polyfunctional amines and polyfunctional acid halides are brought into contact at 40°C to 70°C and subsequent (B) heat treatment at 70°C to 150°C. The composite semipermeable membrane according to the present invention has high boron removal performance and high water permeation performance.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a spiral separation membrane element comprising a plurality of separation membrane pairs wound around the outer peripheral surface of a water collection pipe, wherein the plurality of separation membranes include at least two sets of separation membrane pairs in which two adjacent separation membranes are stacked in such a way that the water supply sides of the separation membranes form opposing surfaces, and the water supply-side surfaces at the ends of separation membranes close to the water collection pipe and parallel to the lengthwise direction of the water collection pipe are sealed by means of a sealing material.