Abstract:
An optical pulse generating apparatus that supplies pump light and probe light includes a light source and a modulation unit configured to modulate light emitted from the light source, thereby dividing the light into the pump light and the probe light. The modulation unit is configured such that a frequency for modulating the light is variable. The modulation unit changes a difference between a moment of the pump light incident on an object and a moment of the probe light incident on the object by changing the frequency.
Abstract:
Methods, apparatus, and system, implementing and using techniques for detecting a presence of one or more target analytes in particular regions of interest of one or more samples. One or more samples including objects and one or more target analytes are provided. Some of the target analytes are labeled with a fluorophore and are bound to some of the objects in the samples. The samples are illuminated with fluorescence inducing light and fluorescent light is collected from one or more regions of the one or more samples. At least one anisotropy measurement of the samples is performed to identify regions of interest where one or more target analytes are bound to the objects. The collected fluorescent light from the regions of interest is analyzed to determine a presence of target analytes that are bound to the objects in the one or more samples.
Abstract:
A method is provided for measuring a response to a stimulus of a plurality of samples spots of a sample using a measuring system having a measurement range to generate an image of the sample in digital space. The method includes, for each sample, while measuring the response, varying the stimulus to include at least one stimulus value where the measured response corresponds to a value in an intermediate portion of the measuring range, and storing a value of the measured response that corresponds to a value in the intermediate portion of the measurement range, and the stimulus value that produced that value of the measured response.
Abstract:
To determine the shape characteristics of particles, a light beam (preferably a laser beam) is directed onto a transparent cell containing particles flowing therein and the intensity of the light scattered by the particles is measured with the aid of a photodetector array or a mask containing programmable light valves, comprising one or more concentric rings or parts of rings, at least one of which is provided with one or more isolated segments. The rings and the isolated segments are coupled to an energy meter, the signal amplitudes of which are statistically processed to give amplitude classes. The shape characteristics are determined from a graphical or numerical comparison of the amplitude classes. If at least one ring is subdivided into several segments, calculation of the correlation between the signals from the various ring segments leads to an accurate determination of the average shape characteristics of the particles.
Abstract:
An apparatus for imaging into or through scattering materials (17) includes a source (20) for producing a broadband laser reference beam (R) and a Stokes illumination beam (Si) correlated to the reference beam. The Stokes illumination beam is transmitted into the scattering material to obtain a Stokes signal beam (Ss) having a first image carrying component and a first nonimage component. The reference beam and the Stokes signal beam are then separately delayed (Rd, Sd) and polarized (Rp, Sp), after which they are combined to produce a combined beam (C) having a Stokes component and a reference component. A Stimulated Raman amplifier (30) responsive to the combined beam produces an amplified signal beam (A) in which the image carrying component has been amplified by a higher gain factor than the nonimage component.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a dispersive holographic spectrometer (12) for analyzing radiation from an infrared source (16). The holographic spectrometer (12) comprises a piezoelectric block (40) having a holographic lens (38) on one face, an array of detectors (36) on another face and a pair of vernier electrodes (32, 34) on opposite faces. Radiation from the source (16) incident upon the holographic lens (38) is dispersed into component wavelengths (44, 46) and directed towards the detector array (36). The holographic lens (38) has a holographic interference pattern recorded on it such that radiation of predetermined wavelength components are dispersed sufficiently enough such that radiation of specific wavelengths falls on different detector elements (48) of the detector array (36). By applying a voltage to the electrodes (32, 38), an electric field is created within the piezoelectric block (40) such that it is either compressed or expanded. This change in the piezoelectric block (40) alters the direction of the radiation from the holographic lens (38) to the detector array (36). Therefore, misalignment of the source (16) with the holographic lens (38) can be compensated for such that piezoelectric adjustment of the block (40) will make the radiation of individual wavelengths fall on the desired detector element (48). Further, radiation from different wavelengths can be directed from one detector element to another. The detector array (36) is self-scanning such that an absorption spectrum can be measured and recorded over a range of frequencies.
Abstract:
A single cell apparatus (102) and method for single ion addressing are described herein. One apparatus includes a single cell (102) configured to set a frequency, intensity, and a polarization of a laser, shutter the laser, align the shuttered laser to an ion in an ion trap such that the ion fluoresces light and/or performs a quantum operation, and detect the light fluoresced from the ion.
Abstract:
A multi-cell apparatus (100) and method for single ion addressing are described herein. One apparatus includes a first cell (102) configured to set a frequency, intensity, and a polarization of a laser and shutter the laser, a second cell (104) configured to align the shuttered laser to an ion in an ion trap such that the ion fluoresces light and/or performs a quantum operation, and a third cell (106) configured to detect the light fluoresced from the ion.
Abstract:
Preparation cell systems and methods are described herein. One example of a system for a preparation cell includes a laser coupled to a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers, a preparation cell to prepare a state of laser light received by the fiber bundle, and an exiting fiber bundle coupled to the preparation cell.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for examining a sample, the sample being subjected to illumination light and detection light coming from the sample being directed to a detector, and the illumination light being directed through an acousto-optical component with which the sample can be temporarily interrupted from being subjected to illumination light. The method is characterized in that the sample is illuminated by a first illumination light bundle that has a first linear polarization direction and by a second illumination light bundle, the linear polarization direction of which is continuously switched between the first linear polarization direction and a second linear polarization direction that is different from the first linear polarization direction. The illumination light of the first linear polarization direction runs along a first light path and the illumination light of the second linear polarization direction runs along a second light path, and the acousto-optical component unites the light paths.