Abstract:
A process for making an insulated conductor in accordance with the present invention includes extruding an insulative material onto a conductor and subsequently rolling the insulative material on the conductor to a prescribed thickness. The extruding step comprises extruding the insulative material to a thickness of about 0.0025 inch to about 0.0035 inch, and the rolling step comprises rolling the insulative material to a thickness of about 0.00125 to about 0.00315 inch.
Abstract:
A dynamic mechanically-switched damping (DMSD) system is described which utilizes one or more mechanical switches and appropriate controls to switch series or shunt reactive impedances (14) in order to provide power oscillation damping in power systems. The DMSD system provides a controller (16) which can be configured based on the number of mechanical switches in the DMSD system, the type of reactive impedances interfaced to the power system by each switch and the magnitude of each of the reactive impedance. The DMSD system monitors parameters of the power system (17, 18) and the controller generates a modulation signal based on the monitored parameters. The modulation signal is processed to identify a reactive impedance of the available DMSD system reactive impedances required to damp power oscillations. Appropriate switches (32) are selected for supplying the required reactive impedance. A switching control signal is generated and output to each of the selected switches to synchronously open or close the switch at a predetermined instant.
Abstract:
A numerical comparator (20) is disclosed. The numerical comparator (20) employs numerical techniques based upon the behavior of the cylinder unit (18) to compare phasors in real time. In one application of this invention, the torque signal generated by the numerical comparator, Mk+1, is employed to determine whether a fault has occurred in a transmission line. Another application involves employing the output Mk+1 to determine the direction of power flow in the transmission line. In yet another application, the output Mk+1 is used to determine whether a voltage or current has exceeded a predetermined threshold.
Abstract:
The movable nozzle (95) of a puffer circuit interrupter (15-17) has a coaxial cylindrical shield (110) connected to its downstream end and the main movable contacts (89) connected to its upstream end. The shield (110) is electrically connected to the stationary contact terminal (44). The movable contact ring (89) and coaxial shield (110) at the upstream end of the nozzle (95) define a well shielded open gap when the interrupter gap opens.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for electronically displaying metered electrical energy are disclosed. A first processor (14) receives voltage and current signals and determines electrical energy. The first processor (14) generates an energy signal representative of the electrical energy determination. A second processor (16), connected to said first processor, receives the energy signal and generates a display signal representative of electrical energy information. A display (30) is connected to receive the display signal and displays the electrical energy information. In a first embodiment it is preferred for the first processor (14) to determine units of electrical energy from the voltage and current signals and to generate an energy signal representative of the determination of such units and the rate at which the units are determined. In another embodiment the first processor determines and displays watt units, apparent reactive energy units and the rate at which such units are determined. The display (30) may provide energy flow direction information.
Abstract:
A modular closing resistor assembly (20) can be added in line with the interrupter assemblies (16) of an extra high voltage circuit breaker and has a relatively short length. The resistor element consists of two stacks (70, 71) of disks which are disposed side by side and are electrically connected such that the alternate disks (72, 73, 74) of each stack are connected in series with one another. The operating mechanism of the unit includes a linearly moving roller (120) which engages a crank arm (110) which is in turn pivotally connected to operate the movable closing resistor contact (52) with a motion and with a variable mechanical advantage adapted to cause the resistor contacts (52) to close a high speed just after the interrupter contacts close and to open after the interrupter contacts open.
Abstract:
Magnetic core structure of the stacked type having outer legs (11, 12), at least one inner leg (13), and top (14, 15) and bottom yokes (16, 17) formed of a plurality of stacked groups of layers of metallic laminations. The yoke and leg laminations have their ends cut diagonally to provide a closed magnetic circuit having diagonal joints between adjoining ends of the yoke and leg laminations. The length dimensions of the inner leg laminations are uniform from layer to layer within each group, while the junction of the diagonally cut ends of the inner leg laminations are offset from the centerline thereof from layer to layer in a step pattern that progresses an equal number of steps on each side of the centerline of each group of layers of inner leg laminations to be step dependent. The configuration of the outer leg laminations and the top and bottom yoke laminations are uniform from layer to layer within each group to be step independent. A method of stacking the laminations in groups is disclosed and there is also disclosed a method of making the center or inner laminations of the magnetic core structure in two parts where the width of the laminations is greater than the commercially available lamination material.
Abstract:
An intelligent circuit breaker or switching device system comprises three separate microprocessor-based units, including a condition monitoring unit (CMU) (40), a breaker control unit (BCU) (50), and a synchronous control unit (SCU) (60). The CMU (40) provides detailed diagnostic information by monitoring key quantities associated with circuit breaker or switching device reliability. On-line analysis performed by the CMU provides information facilitating the performance of maintenance as needed and the identification of impending failures. The BCU (50) is a programmable system having self-diagnostic and remote communications. The BCU replaces the conventional electromechanical control circuits typically employed to control a circuit breaker or switching device. The SCU (60) provides synchronous switching control for both closing and opening the circuit interrupters. The control processes carried out by the SCU reduce system switching transients and interrupter wear. The intelligent circuit breaker or switching device system improves system operation and equipment maintenance.
Abstract:
A steel plate (130) of area greater than the area of the output of a nozzle (95) in a puffer gas interrupter (15-17) is fixed to but is spaced from the downstream end of the nozzle (95) and causes turbulence in the hot interrupter gases flowing through the nozzle (95) to improve mixing with cooler downstream gas.
Abstract:
An interrupter assembly (10) comprises an interrupter switch (12) and at least one condition sensing device (32) embedded within a body of solid dielectric material. Preferably, the solid dielectric material is a polymer concrete or an epoxy-concrete. The condition sensing device (32) may comprise a current sensor (32) and/or a voltage sensor (38).