Abstract:
Various embodiments for an optical system are described herein. Generally, the optical system may include an optical transmitter coupled to an optical signal transmission path, an optical receiver coupled to an optical signal reception path, and an external signal path extending between an external optical assembly and both the optical signal transmission path and the optical signal reception path. An optical polarization division multiplexer may be provided to couple the optical signal transmission path and the optical signal reception path to the external signal path. A first non-reciprocal polarization rotator may be also positioned along the external signal path between the optical polarization division multiplexer and the external optical assembly. Further, a quarter wave plate may be positioned along the external signal path between the non-reciprocal polarization rotator and the external optical assembly.
Abstract:
A spectrometer and method for determining an emitted light spectrum. An input light signal is received and directed to an array of interferometers using waveguides. A plurality of self-interfering signals are detected from a first plurality of interferometers in the array of interferometers. The first plurality of interferometers has fewer interferometers than required to satisfy the Nyquist criterion for reconstructing the emitted light spectrum. The emitted light spectrum is reconstructed from the plurality of self-interfering signals using compressive sensing. The plurality of self-interfering signals can provide an interference pattern used to reconstruct the emitted light spectrum. A second plurality of interferometers may output a second plurality of self-interfering signals to reconstruct a low resolution spectrum of the input light signal satisfying the Nyquist criterion. Low resolution signal components can be detected from the low resolution spectrum and used to pre-process the interference pattern.
Abstract:
A method for surface treating a titanium-containing metal, comprising the steps of: (a) treating at least a portion of a surface of the titanium-containing metal with an anodic activation in an electrolyte bath; and (b) strike plating at least a portion of the surface of the treated titanium-containing metal with a metallic coating in the same electrolyte bath as in step (a), wherein the titanium-containing metal remains submerged in the electrolyte bath during steps (a) and (b). The invention also provides for a method for plating a titanium-containing metal, comprising the steps of: (a) surface treating the titanium-containing metal with the method disclosed herein; (b) strike plating at least a portion of the first struck titanium-containing metal with a second metallic coating in a second electrolyte bath; and (c) non-oxidatively heat treating the second struck titanium-containing metal for a period of time sufficient to cause diffusion bonding between the first metallic coating and the titanium-containing metal. The invention also provides parts made in accordance with the methods disclosed herein.
Abstract:
A microwave switch for transmitting signals having a plurality of ports and a plurality of signal paths for selective transmission of the signals. Each signal path is disposed between a respective pair of the ports and each signal path has a conducting state in which signal transmission occurs between the respective pair of ports and a non-conducting state in which signal transmission does not occur between the respective pair of ports. The switch also has a plurality of actuators, each actuator being adapted to actuate at least one of the signal paths between the conducting and non-conducting states. At least one of the ports and at least one of the signal paths are located on a first plane and the remainder of the ports and the signal paths are located on a second plane such that there are no cross over points between the signal paths in any of the planes. A switch matrix can be built using this bi-planar switch such that the switches in the matrix are connected without any cross over points.
Abstract:
A waveguide assembly for operation over a range of temperatures includes a waveguide body and a plurality of restraining strips coupled to the waveguide body. The waveguide body includes a pre-curved narrow sidewall of material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The restraining strips are coupled to the waveguide body at first and second lateral points on either side of the pre-curved narrow sidewall laterally and are spaced apart along the length of the waveguide body, and are made from a material having a second CTE much less than the first CTE. Thus, when the temperature of the waveguide assembly changes, the restraining strips maintain a substantially constant lateral distance between said first and second lateral points over the range of temperatures such that as the length of the waveguide varies with temperature, the curvature of the pre-curved narrow sidewall also changes, causing the effective large dimension of the waveguide assembly to vary such that the combination of said changes results in a constant phase length for said waveguide body.
Abstract:
Various embodiments are disclosed herein with generally relate to an optical communication system using a photonic lantern. In at least one embodiment, the optical system comprises: an optical transmitter coupled to a signal transmitting path; an optical receiver coupled to a signal receiving path; a photonic lantern, the photonic lantern extending between a first open end and a second open end, the first end comprising an opening to a single multi-mode fiber, and the second end comprising a plurality of single mode fibers that are adiabatically coupled to the multi-mode fiber, the plurality of single-mode fibers includes a single-mode fiber adapted to carry a fundamental optical mode and the remaining single-mode fibers adapted to carry higher-order optical modes, wherein, the single-mode fiber is coupled to the optical transmitting path, the remaining single-mode fibers are coupled to the optical receiving path.
Abstract:
An optical communication system that includes terminals that operate with different, widely separated wavelengths in which a terminal in the system may be configured to function in both a first operational mode and in a second operational mode. For example, a terminal according to the techniques of this disclosure may communicate with full duplex communication by transmitting a first optical wavelength and receiving a second optical wavelength while in the first operational mode. The same terminal may be reconfigured to transmit the second optical wavelength and receive the first optical wavelength while in the second operational mode. In some examples, the terminal may be located in a spacecraft, such as an orbiting satellite or other vehicle, and may communicate with other terminals such as airborne terminals, terminals located at ground station on the Earth's surface, or with terminals located in other spacecraft.
Abstract:
Disclosed are systems for transmitting and receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal and an optical signal. One system may include a communication terminal comprising a primary concave reflector providing a first focal length to a focal point, and a secondary concave reflector providing a second focal length to the focal point. The communication terminal may further comprise an optical transceiver facing the secondary concave reflector, and one or more RF transceivers facing the primary concave reflector. The optical transceiver may be configured to transmit and receive the optical signal via the primary and secondary concave reflectors through the focal point, and the one or more RF transceivers may be configured to transmit and receive the RF signal via the primary concave reflector. The one or more RF transceivers may be positioned adjacent to the focal point and offset from a path of the optical signal.
Abstract:
A telemetry system with a matrixed telemetry switch unit array and a method for determining the switch position of a telemetry switch unit. The switch units include steering diodes and parallel signal paths each with unique resistance values. The signal paths correspond to switch positions and are closed when the switch unit is in the corresponding switch position. A signal source is electrically connected to an input current path and output current path of the array with a corresponding telemetry switch unit coupled into the signal path. A plurality of sensing signals are applied through the array and the resultant signals are measured. The switch position is determined from the resultant signals indicating the resistance value of the switch signal path currently coupled into the array signal path while accounting for the voltage drop of the steering diodes.
Abstract:
A sequential actuator for a radio frequency switch includes a rotor designed to be rotated in a designated rotational direction of the actuator and a stator defining with the rotor when the stator is energized an active torque curve of the rotor having asymmetric positive and negative torque curve portions. Magnetic elements are distributed between the rotor and the stator and define a detent torque curve of the rotor. In some examples, when the stator is energized, the rotor undergoes a first rotation from a position of partial angular overlap of a first rotor magnetic element with a first stator electromagnet to a position of angular alignment of the first rotor magnetic element with the first stator electromagnet. Upon reaching this angular position, a second rotor magnetic element has a partial angular overlap with a second stator electromagnet and the rotor further undergoes a second rotation to another position of angular alignment of the second rotor magnetic element with the second stator electromagnet.