Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing N-vinylcarboxamides by pyrolyzing a compound of the formula (I), in which R and R 1 stand for H or C 1 to C 6 alkyl, in the presence of solids that are doped with alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal ions under reduced pressure at a temperature of 330 to 750°C by splitting off hydrogen cyanide and cooling, separating, and isolating the reaction products, wherein a solid arranged in a tubular reactor is treated with a solution of an alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal base at a temperature in the range of 0 to 250°C, the solution is discharged, the remaining solvent, which adheres to the catalyst that can be obtained in such away, is evaporated, and afterwards the catalyst is heated to a temperature of at least 380°C in order to activate the catalyst.
Abstract:
The instant invention relates to a process for the preparation of star and block-copolymers, which are prepared by controlled free radical polymerization using epoxy-functionalized alkoxyamines and multifunctional compounds capable of reacting with the epoxy group.
Abstract:
The invention relates to methods for producing polyalkylene imines from alkylene imines in the presence of a liquid solvent and a catalyst, wherein the production occurs semi-discontinuously in a reaction vessel. Optionally, the production occurs in the presence of additional additives. The invention further relates to polyalkylene imines produced in accordance with such methods and formulations thereof, in particular such having a low content of chloride-containing compounds. Such polyalkylene imines are used in the fields of medical equipment, pressure media, wastewater treatment, surface treatment, cosmetics, detergents, biotechnology, packaging, electronics, paper, construction chemistry, textiles, chromatography, ion exchangers, the oil industry, ceramics, glass, membrane technology, catalysts, electroplating applications, biocides, or wood protection. Applications as corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, additives in oils, to formulate pharmaceuticals, hair-care agents, fragrances, and aromas, to produce gene vectors, to functionalize and modify surfaces in electroplating and medical equipment, or to produce cleaning systems for the semiconductor industry and lithium batteries are also possible.
Abstract:
A process for hydrolyzing polymers containing vinylcarboxamide units by heating polymers containing vinylcarboxamide units in an aqueous medium in the presence of acids or bases, wherein an aqueous solution or dispersion of a polymer containing vinylcarboxamide units and an aqueous solution of an acid or base are supplied continuously to a tubular reactor under elevated pressure, and 0.05 to less than one equivalent of an acid or base is used per vinylcarboxamide equivalent, and the mixture is passed through the tubular reactor at a temperature of >100°C up to 250°C, decompressed and cooled.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for removing carbonaceous deposits from surfaces of catalysts and plant components by treating the deposits with a superheated steam flow at least temporarily containing an oxygenated gas, wherein by monitoring the CO 2 in the exhaust gas after condensing the steam at a temperature of at least 300 °C, (a) the carbonaceous deposits are treated with super-heated steam at a temperature of at least 300 °C until the CO 2 content of the exhaust gas has exceeded a maximum, (b) then with further introduction of super-heated steam the introduction of oxygen begins, wherein the amount of introduced oxygen is adjusted so that the CO 2 -content in the exhaust further reduces until it has sunk to a value