Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods for gas phase reactant catalytic reactions. In particular the present invention relates to a method of hydrocarbon steam reforming, comprising: passing a reactant stream comprising steam and hydrocarbon into at least one reaction chamber; wherein the reaction chamber has an internal volume having dimensions of chamber height, chamber width and chamber length; wherein the chamber has a length of greater than 1 cm; wherein the chamber height or chamber width is 2 mm or less; wherein the reaction chamber is in thermal contact through a reaction chamber wall with an exothermic reaction chamber; transferring heat from the exothermic reaction chamber to the reaction chamber through the reaction chamber wall at a rate such that heat flux between the reaction chamber and the exothermic reaction chamber is at least 0.6 W per cubic centimeter of the reaction chamber wall; wherein the method is controlled under conditions such that the hydrocarbon has a contact time of less than 300 ms; wherein the reactant stream is converted to a product stream; and wherein at least 70% of the equilibrium conversion of the hydrocarbon entering the reaction chamber is converted to hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
Abstract:
The present invention provides chemical reactors and reaction chambers and methods for conducting catalytic chemical reactions having gas phase reactants. In preferred embodiments, these reaction chambers and methods include at least one porous catalyst material that has pore sizes large enough to permit molecular diffusion within the porous catalyst material.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon over a catalyst at short residence times or short contact times. The present invention also provides spinel-containing catalysts. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods and catalysts of the present invention are also described.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon over a catalyst at short residence times or short contact times. The present invention also provides spinel-containing catalysts. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods and catalysts of the present invention are also described.
Abstract:
The present invention includes an improvement to the existing method of steam reforming of hydrocarbon, wherein the improvement comprises: the flowing is at a rate providing a residence time less than about 0.1 sec resulting in obtaining product formation yield or amount that is the same or greater compared to product formation at a longer residence time. Another improvement of the present invention is operation at a steam to carbon ratio that is substantially stoichiometric and maintaining activity of the supported catalyst. The present invention also includes a catalyst structure for steam reforming of a hydrocarbon.
Abstract:
The present invention includes Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, reactions using Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, methods of making Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, processes of hydrogenating carbon monoxide, and fuels made using these processes. The invention provides the ability to hydrogenate carbon monoxide with low contact times, good conversion rates and low methane selectivities. In a preferred method, the catalyst is made using a metal foam support.
Abstract:
The present invention provides chemical reactors and reaction chambers and methods for conducting catalytic chemical reactions having gas phase reactants. In preferred embodiments, these reaction chambers and methods include at least one porous catalyst material that has pore sizes large enough to permit molecular diffusion within the porous catalyst material.