Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a microchannel apparatus that has a supported catalyst resistant to corrosion and oxidation under thermal cycles, and flaking and spalling.SOLUTION: The microchannel apparatus is formed by directly making a metallic channel wall surface porous or etching the wall surface to make the wall surface porous and then forming a buffer layer 102 containing AlO, SiO, ZrO, TiOand a metallic oxide selected from combinations thereof, by vapor deposition; forming an interface layer 104 containing a metallic oxide by a solution deposition; and depositing a catalyst layer 106 on the interface layer.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized, lightweight, effective and active micro channel heat exchanger used for a chemical process. SOLUTION: An active micro channel heat exchanger constituted by a plurality of assemblies each containing an exothermic reactor 100, an exhaust hood 108, and a heat exchange chamber 114 and having a micro channel, comprises a plurality of valves 508 which enables at least one assembly out of a plurality of the assemblies to be removed from a line for purification or regeneration while keeping the remaining assemblies operational. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
The invention includes methods of producing dianhydrosugars. A polyol is reacted in the presence of a first catalyst to form a monocyclic sugar. The monocyclic sugar is transferred to a second reactor where it is converted to a dianhydrosugar alcohol in the presence of a second catalyst. The invention includes a process of forming isosorbide. An initial reaction is conducted at a first temperature in the presence of a solid acid catalyst. The initial reaction involves reacting sorbitol to produce 1,4-sorbitan, 3,6-sorbitan, 2,5-mannitan and 2,5-iditan. Utilizing a second temperature, the 1,4-sorbitan and 3,6-sorbitan are converted to isosorbide. The invention includes a method of purifying isosorbide from a mixture containing isosorbide and at least one additional component. A first distillation removes a first portion of the isosorbide from the mixture. A second distillation is then conducted at a higher temperature to remove a second portion of isosorbide from the mixture.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for producing reagents for a chemical reaction by introducing a fuel containing hydrocarbons into a flash distillation process wherein the fuel is separated into a first component having a lower average molecular weight and a second component having a higher average molecular weight. The first component is then reformed to produce synthesis gas wherein the synthesis gas is reacted catalytically to produce the desire reagent.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods for making N-methylpyrrolidine and analogous compounds via hydrogenation. Novel catalysts for this process, and novel conditions/yields are also described. Other process improvements may include extraction and hydrolysis steps. Some preferred reactions take place in the aqueous phase. Starting materials for making N-methylpyrrolidine may include succinic acid, N-methylsuccinimide, and their analogs.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon over a catalyst at short residence times or short contact times. The present invention also provides spinel-containing catalysts. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods and catalysts of the present invention are also described.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for producing reagents for a chemical reaction by introducing a fuel containing hydrocarbons into a flash distillation process wherein the fuel is separated into a first component having a lower average molecular weight and a second component having a higher average molecular weight. The first component is then reformed to produce synthesis gas wherein the synthesis gas is reacted catalytically to produce the desire reagent.
Abstract:
The invention includes a method of dehydration of a sugar using a dehydration catalyst and a co-catalyst within a reactor. A sugar is introduced and H 2 is flowed through the reactor at a pressure of less than or equal to about 300 psig to convert at least some of the sugar into an anhydrosugar product. The invention includes a process for producing isosorbide. A starting material comprising sorbitol is flowed into a reactor. H 2 is counter flowed through the reactor. The starting material is exposed to a catalyst in the presence of a co- catalyst which comprises at least one metal. The exposing is conducted at a hydrogen pressure of less than or equal to 300 psig within the reactor and the hydrogen removes at least some of any water present during the exposing and inhibits formation of colored byproducts.
Abstract translation:本发明包括使用反应器内的脱水催化剂和助催化剂使糖脱水的方法。 引入糖,并且H 2 O 2以小于或等于约300psig的压力流过反应器,以将至少一些糖转化为脱水糖产物。 本发明包括制备异山梨醇的方法。 将含有山梨醇的原料流入反应器。 H 2反向流过反应器。 在包含至少一种金属的助催化剂的存在下,将原料暴露于催化剂。 暴露在反应器内在小于或等于300psig的氢气压力下进行,并且氢去除暴露期间存在的任何水中的至少一些,并且抑制着色副产物的形成。
Abstract:
The present invention provides chemical reactors and reaction chambers and methods for conducting catalytic chemical reactions having gas phase reactants. In preferred embodiments, these reaction chambers and methods include at least one porous catalyst material that has pore sizes large enough to permit molecular diffusion within the porous catalyst material.