Abstract:
This invention relates to an electrochromic device comprising a layer (2) of an electrochromic product held between two conducting layers (5,6) each formed on one face of a transparent plate (3,4), electrodes formed on each of the conducting layers, and means for selectively supplying these electrodes with electrical energy. Electrodes (8, 9, 10, 11) are of elongated shape and extend over facing surfaces of the two conducting layers (5,6), essentially symmetrical with respect to the plane of the electrochromic layer (2). The invention has application to windows in the building industry or the automobile industry (windshields, windows, rear view mirrors, etc.)
Abstract:
A fluid encapsulated MEMS optical switch includes an optical waveguide matrix with MEMS mirrors situated in trenches located at waveguide cross-points. The trenches are filled with collimation-maintaining fluid and the mirrors are immersed the rein. The collimation maintaining fluid prevents the light beam from spreading when it enters the switch cross-points. This feature enables the use of much smaller MEMS mirrors and prevents some of the typical MEMS mirror problems found in the related art
Abstract:
A fluid encapsulated MEMS optical switch includes an optical waveguide matrix with MEMS mirrors situated in trenches located at waveguide cross-points. The trenches are filled with collimation-maintaining fluid and the mirrors are immersed therein. The collimation maintaining fluid prevents the light beam from spreading when it enters the switch cross-points. This feature enables the use of much smaller MEMS mirrors and prevents some of the typical MEMS mirror problems found in the related art. In particular, the MEMS mirror disclosed in the present invention is reduced to approximately 15 mum wide and 2 mum thick, resulting in shorter actuation distances of approximately 15 mum. This feature results in an optical switch having faster switching times.
Abstract:
A fluid encapsulated MEMS optical switch includes an optical waveguide matri x with MEMS mirrors (22) situated in trenches located at waveguide cross-point s (29). The trenches are filled with collimation-maintaining fluid (30) and th e mirrors (22) are immersed therein. The collimation maintaining fluid (30) prevents the light beam from spreading when it enters the switch cross-point s. This feature enables the use of much smaller MEMS mirrors (22) and prevents some of the typical MEMS mirror (22) problems found in the related art. In particular, the MEMS mirrors (22) disclosed in the present invention is reduced to approximately 15 wide and 2 thick, resulting in shorter actuation distances to approximately 15. This feature results in an optical switch having faster switching times.
Abstract:
Method and apparatus for transferring fluids, especially for use in biologic al testing, includes an array of capillaries (10) having an inlet end (16) and an outled end (18) which is smaller than the inlet end (16). The capillary arra y can be formed by extruding and redrawing a honeycomb pattern of channels. Arrays of different specific binding partners formed using the capillary arr ay are also described.
Abstract:
A fluid encapsulated MEMS optical switch includes an optical waveguide matrix with MEMS mirrors (22) situated in trenches located at waveguide cross-points (29). The trenches are filled with collimation-maintaining fluid (30) and the mirrors (22) are immersed therein. The collimation maintaining fluid (30) prevents the light beam from spreading when it enters the switch cross-points. This feature enables the use of much smaller MEMS mirrors (22) and prevents some of the typical MEMS mirror (22) problems found in the related art. In particular, the MEMS mirrors (22) disclosed in the present invention is reduced to approximately 15 wide and 2 thick, resulting in shorter actuation distances to approximately 15. This feature results in an optical switch having faster switching times.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for depositing a high density biological or chemical array onto a solid support. Specifically, the apparatus is made up of a plurality of open ended channels (12) collectively forming a matrix. The matrix has been redrawn and cut such that the pitch of the channels (12) on the loading (16) end is larger than the pitch of the channels on the liquid delivery end (18). The upper portion of each channel serves as a reservoir, while the opposing end, which has been formed by the redrawing process, is diametrically sized such that liquid in the reservoir is retained by capillary pressure at the delivery end. At any point along the height of the capillary reservoir device, all cross-sectional dimensions and areas are uniformly reduced. In other words, the on-center orientation of any two channels, also referred to as the pitch between 2 channels, measured as a function of the diameter of any cross section, is constant throughout the structure. The liquid within the channels is either printed directly from the tool onto a substrate or transferred to a substrate by a typographical pin plate (100). In another embodiment, the device may be used in transferring sample between multiwell plates (66,68) of different well density.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for making color filters for liquid crystal display panels. A transfer layer is formed on a collector roll, and a raised pattern corresponding to the desired black matrix pattern is formed on the transfer layer by an embossing means. A plurality of colored ink patterns is formed in the appropriate location within the boundaries formed by the raised pattern, thereby forming the multicolor image that will become the color filter. This multicolored image is then transferred to the substrate. Preferably, the inks are deposited into the black matrix pattern using typographic imaging pins which are smaller than the cells of the black matrix pattern.
Abstract:
The invention relates to methods and apparatus useful for making color filters for a liquid crystal display. A multicolored ink pattern is deposited to a substrate (22) while in a deformable state, flattened during the deposition process, and the deformed, more uniform shape of the printed dot (7c) is thereafter retained, preferably by curing during deposition. The transfer layer is preferably formed on a collector roll (20). A plurality of colored ink patterns is then transferred to the collector roll (20), preferably from a single pattern roll (19) having multiple patterns (28a-28d) thereon, to form the multicolor image that will become the color filter. This multicolored image is then transferred to the substrate (22).