Abstract:
An apparatus utilizing a hot wall reactor and methods for making nanoparticles are described. The nanoparticles can be collected in bulk or deposited onto a base substrate. The hot wall reactor utilizes gas-phase synthesis to produce nanoparticles. Inorganic nanoparticles deposited onto a substrate are useful, for example, for biological applications, for example, biomolecule attachment such as DNA, RNA, protein and the like. The inorganic porous substrates are also useful for cell growth applications.
Abstract:
A method for making silica includes delivering a silica precursor comprising a perfluorinated group to a conversion site and passing the silica precursor through a conversion flame to produce silica soot.
Abstract:
Disclosed are optical gain fibers which include an erbium-containing core and a cladding surrounding the core and which have ripple of less than about 25% over about a 40 nm wide window or ripple of less than about 15% over about a 32 nm wide window, or both. In one embodiment, the optical gain fibers are pumpable at 980 nm and at 1480 nm. In another embodiment, the optical gain fibers are fusion sliceable. In yet another embodiment, the core includes oxides erbium; the cladding includes silicon dioxide; and the optical gain fiber has a passive loss of less than about 0.5% of the peak absorption of the erbium absorption band in the vicinity of 1530 nm. The optical gain fibers of the present invention have a wider gain window, improved flatness across the gain window, and/or increased gain as compared to conventional optical gain fibers. Accordingly, they are useful in amplifying optical signals, particularly signals which need to be repeatedly amplified over the course of a long-haul transmission, without losses in the signal quality that are commonly encountered in conventional optical signal amplifying methods.
Abstract:
Disclosed are optical gain fibers which include an erbium-containing core an d a cladding surrounding the core and which have ripple of less than about 25 % over about a 40 nm wide window or ripple of less than about 15 % over about a 32 nm wide window, or both. In one embodiment, the optical gain fibers are pumpable at 980 nm and at 1480 nm. In another embodiment, the optical gain fibers are fusion sliceable. In yet another embodiment, the core includes oxides erbium; the cladding includes silicon dioxide; and the optical gain fiber has a passive loss of less than about 0.5 % of the peak absorption of the erbium absorption band in the vicinity of 1530 nm. The optical gain fibe rs of the present invention have a wider gain window, improved flatness across the gain window, and/or increased gain as compared to conventional optical gain fibers. Accordingly, they are useful in amplifying optical signals, particularly signals which need to be repeatedly amplified over the course o f a long-haul transmission, without losses in the signal quality that are commonly encountered in conventional optical signal amplifying methods.
Abstract:
A first liquid (30) in a container (28) goes to a burner (14). Then a second liquid (34) in a second container (32) goes to the burner (14). The burner then makes soot which is deposited as silica (38) on a substrate (36).
Abstract:
A first liquid (30) in a container (28) goes to a burner (14). Then a second liquid (34) in a second container (32) goes to the burner (14). The burner then makes soot which is deposited as silica (38) on a substrate (36).
Abstract:
The disclosed invention relates to the use of a specific drying agent in a process for drying glass soot preforms. The drying agent includes at least one halide and at least one reducing agent. Preferably, the reducing agent includes a compound that will react with an oxygen by-product of the reaction of the halide and water, or the reaction of the halide and an impurity in the preform. The method includes disposing the soot preform in a furnace, charging the furnace with the drying agent of halide and reducing agent and supplying heat to the furnace. Suitable drying agents for use in the process disclosed include a mixture of Cl2 and CO; a mixture of Cl2, CO and CO2; and POCl3: the latter being an example where the halide and reducing agent are embodied by a single compound.
Abstract:
Disclosed are optical gain fibers which include an erbium-containing core and a cladding surrounding the core and which have ripple of less than about 25 % over about a 40 nm wide window or ripple of less than about 15 % over about a 32 nm wide window, or both. In one embodiment, the optical gain fibers are pumpable at 980 nm and at 1480 nm. In another embodiment, the optical gain fibers are fusion sliceable. In yet another embodiment, the core includes oxides erbium; the cladding includes silicon dioxide; and the optical gain fiber has a passive loss of less than about 0.5 % of the peak absorption of the erbium absorption band in the vicinity of 1530 nm. The optical gain fibers of the present invention have a wider gain window, improved flatness across the gain window, and/or increased gain as compared to conventional optical gain fibers. Accordingly, they are useful in amplifying optical signals, particularly signals which need to be repeatedly amplified over the course of a long-haul transmission, without losses in the signal quality that are commonly encountered in conventional optical signal amplifying methods.
Abstract:
Inorganic porous substrates and methods of making inorganic porous substrates utilizing nanoparticles deposited onto a base substrate are described. The inorganic porous substrates are useful for biological applications, for example, biomolecule attachment such as DNA, RNA, protein and the like. The inorganic porous substrates are also useful for cell growth applications.
Abstract:
Methods, apparatus and precursors for producing substantially water-free silica soot, preforms and glass. The methods and apparatus make substantially water-free fused silica preforms or glass by removing water as a reaction product, removing water from the atmosphere, removing water from the transport process, or combinations thereof. In a first embodiment, substantially water-free soot, preforms or glass are achieved by using a hydrogen-free fuel, such as carbon monoxide, in the deposition process. In another embodiment, a soot producing burner has parameters that enable operation on a substantially hydrogen-free fuel. End burners, which minimize water production, are also described. Such water-free methods are useful in depositing fluorine-doped soot because of the low water present and the efficiency in which fluorine is incorporated. In another embodiment, glassy barrier layer methods and apparatus are described for minimizing dopant migration, especially fluorine. Laser and induction methods and apparatus for forming the barrier layer are depicted. A chlorine, fluorine and silica precursor, such as chlorofluorosilane, may be utilized to form fluorinated soot. Other methods and apparatus are directed to combinations of conventional and substantially water-free processes. One embodiment is directed to combustion enhancing additives for addition to the substantially hydrogen-free fuels. The methods and apparatus in accordance with the invention are particularly useful for producing photomask substrates and optical fiber preforms.