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    DISPLAYING CARDIAC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN ISO-CHARACTERISTIC DISPLAYS
    11.
    发明申请
    DISPLAYING CARDIAC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN ISO-CHARACTERISTIC DISPLAYS 审中-公开
    在ISO特征显示中显示心脏电学特征

    公开(公告)号：WO1995020346A1

    公开(公告)日：1995-08-03

    申请号：PCT/US1995001120

    申请日：1995-01-27

    Applicant: EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    Inventor： EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ,  PANESCU, Dorin ,  SWANSON, David, K.

    IPC: A61B05/04

    CPC classification number: A61N1/056 ,  A61B5/0422 ,  A61B5/044 ,  A61B5/053 ,  A61B5/0538 ,  A61B5/6855 ,  A61B5/6858 ,  A61B18/00 ,  A61B2562/0209 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  A61N1/36185 ,  A61N1/3686

    Abstract: This invention is systems and methods to examine heart tissue morphology using three or more spaced electrodes (38), at least two of which are located within the heart in contact with endocardial tissue. The systems and methods transmit electrical current through a region of heart tissue lying between selected pairs of electrodes (224), at least one of the electrodes in each pair being located within the heart. The systems and methods derive the electrical characteristic of tissue between the electrode pairs (206) based, at least in part, upon sensing tissue impedances.

    Abstract translation: 本发明是使用三个或更多个间隔开的电极（38）检查心脏组织形态的系统和方法，其中至少两个位于心脏内与心内膜组织接触。 系统和方法通过位于选定的电极对（224）之间的心脏组织的区域传输电流，每对电极中的至少一个位于心脏内。 系统和方法至少部分地基于感测组织阻抗而导出电极对（206）之间的组织的电特性。

    ASYMMETRIC MULTIPLE ELECTRODE SUPPORT STRUCTURES
    13.
    发明申请
    ASYMMETRIC MULTIPLE ELECTRODE SUPPORT STRUCTURES 审中-公开
    不对称多电极支持结构

    公开(公告)号：WO1998018520A2

    公开(公告)日：1998-05-07

    申请号：PCT/US1997019372

    申请日：1997-10-27

    Applicant: EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    Inventor： EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ,  SWANSON, David, K. ,  WHAYNE, James, G. ,  KORDIS, Thomas, F. ,  PANESCU, Dorin

    IPC: A61N01/05

    CPC classification number: A61B5/0422 ,  A61N1/056 ,  A61N1/0565 ,  A61N1/06 ,  A61N1/20 ,  A61N1/403

    Abstract: Multiple electrode support structures (20(a)) have asymmetric geometries, either axially, or radially, or both. The asymmetric support structures are assembled from spline elements (51, 58) that extend between a distal hub (24) and a proximal base (26). In one embodiment, the spline elements (51, 58) are circumferentially spaced about the distal hub (24) in a radially asymmetric fashion, creating a greater density of spline elements in one region of the structure than in another region. In the same or another embodiment, the spline elements (51, 58) are preformed in an axially asymmetric fashion along their lengths, creating a different geometry in their distal regions than in their proximal regions.

    Abstract translation: 多个电极支撑结构（20（a））具有轴向或径向或两者的不对称几何形状。 不对称支撑结构由在远侧轮毂（24）和近侧基座（26）之间延伸的花键元件（51,58）组装。 在一个实施例中，花键元件（51,58）以径向不对称的方式围绕远侧轮毂（24）周向间隔开，从而在结构的一个区域中产生比在另一个区域更大的花键元件密度。 在相同或另一个实施例中，花键元件（51,58）沿其长度以轴向不对称方式预成型，在其远侧区域中产生与其近端区域不同的几何形状。

    TISSUE HEATING AND ABLATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS WHICH PREDICT MAXIMUM TISSUE TEMPERATURE
    15.
    发明申请
    TISSUE HEATING AND ABLATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS WHICH PREDICT MAXIMUM TISSUE TEMPERATURE 审中-公开
    组织加热和吸收系统和预测最大组织温度的方法

    公开(公告)号：WO1996039967A1

    公开(公告)日：1996-12-19

    申请号：PCT/US1996009598

    申请日：1996-06-07

    Applicant: EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    Inventor： EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ,  PANESCU, Dorin ,  FLEISCHMAN, Sidney, D. ,  SWANSON, David, K.

    IPC: A61B17/38

    CPC classification number: A61B18/1206 ,  A61B18/1402 ,  A61B18/1492 ,  A61B2018/00083 ,  A61B2018/00095 ,  A61B2018/00791 ,  A61B2018/00803 ,  A61N1/403

    Abstract: This invention is systems and methods to heat or ablate body or ablation energy to a tissue region. The systems and methods measure a first temperature using a temperature sensing element associated with the electrode (16). The systems and methods also measure a second temperature using a temperature sensing element associated with the electrode (16). The systems and methods process at least one of the first and second temperatures to derive a prediction of maximum temperature of the tissue region. The systems and methods generate an output that controls the transmission of the heating or ablation energy based, at least in part, upon the maximum tissue temperature prediction.

    Abstract translation: 本发明是将身体或消融能量加热或消融到组织区域的系统和方法。 系统和方法使用与电极（16）相关联的温度感测元件来测量第一温度。 系统和方法还使用与电极（16）相关联的温度感测元件测量第二温度。 系统和方法处理第一和第二温度中的至少一个以导出组织区域的最大温度的预测。 系统和方法至少部分地基于最大组织温度预测产生控制加热或消融能量传递的输出。

    ACQUISITION OF ENDOCARDIALLY OR EPICARDIALLY PACED ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS
    17.
    发明申请
    ACQUISITION OF ENDOCARDIALLY OR EPICARDIALLY PACED ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS 审中-公开
    内部或外部电离电极的获取

    公开(公告)号：WO1996025096A1

    公开(公告)日：1996-08-22

    申请号：PCT/US1996002092

    申请日：1996-02-16

    Applicant: EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    Inventor： EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ,  SWANSON, David, K. ,  WHAYNE, James, G. ,  PANESCU, Dorin

    IPC: A61B05/0402

    CPC classification number: A61N1/056 ,  A61B1/0051 ,  A61B5/0422 ,  A61B5/04525 ,  A61B5/6855 ,  A61B5/6858 ,  A61B18/1492 ,  A61B2562/0209 ,  A61B2562/043

    Abstract: Systems and methods acquire electrocardiograms using a first electrode (24) associated with a region of heart tissue and a second body surface electrode. An analog or digital processing element (32) is coupled to the first and second electrodes for conditioning the first electrode to emit a pacing signal (48) and for conditioning the second electrode to sense paced electrocardiograms occurring as a result of the pacing signal. The systems and methods also employ a template of an electrocardiogram of a cardiac event of known diagnosis; for example an arrhythmia that the physician seeks to treat. The systems and methods compare this event-specific template to a sample of a paced electrocardiogram. The comparison yields a matching coefficient indicating how alike the input sample is to the input template. The matching coefficient can be used by the physician, for example to aid in the location of sites that are potentially appropriate for ablation (46).

    Abstract translation: 系统和方法使用与心脏组织区域和第二体表电极相关联的第一电极（24）获取心电图。 模拟或数字处理元件（32）耦合到第一和第二电极，用于调节第一电极以发出起搏信号（48），并用于调节第二电极以感测由于起搏信号而产生的起搏心电图。 系统和方法还采用已知诊断的心脏事件的心电图的模板; 例如医师寻求治疗的心律失常。 系统和方法将此事件特定的模板与起搏心电图的样本进行比较。 比较产生一个表示输入样本与输入模板相似度的匹配系数。 匹配系数可由医生使用，例如帮助位置可能适合消融的位置（46​​）。

    MATCHING CARDIAC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPAGATION VELOCITIES
    18.
    发明申请
    MATCHING CARDIAC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPAGATION VELOCITIES 审中-公开
    匹配心脏电学特征和传播速度

    公开(公告)号：WO1995020349A1

    公开(公告)日：1995-08-03

    申请号：PCT/US1995001123

    申请日：1995-01-27

    Applicant: EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    Inventor： EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ,  PANESCU, Dorin ,  SWANSON, David, K.

    IPC: A61B05/04

    CPC classification number: A61B5/6855 ,  A61B5/05 ,  A61B5/0538 ,  A61B5/6858

    Abstract: This invention is systems and methods to examine heart tissue morphology using three or more spaced apart electrodes (38), at least two of which are located within the heart in contact with endocardial tissue. The systems and methods transmit electrical currents (64) through a region of heart tissue lying between selected pairs of the electrodes, at least one of the electrodes in each pair being located within the heart. The systems and methods derive the electrical characteristic of tissue lying between the electrode pairs based, at least in part, upon sensing tissue impedances. The systems and methods (206) also sense the timing of local depolarization events in the tissue in which impedance is sensed, and derive therefrom the propagation velocities of the sensed depolarization events.

    Abstract translation: 本发明是使用三个或更多个间隔开的电极（38）检查心脏组织形态的系统和方法，其中至少两个电极位于心脏内与心内膜组织接触。 系统和方法通过位于选择的电极对之间的心脏组织的区域传输电流（64），每对中的至少一个电极位于心脏内。 系统和方法至少部分地基于感测组织阻抗而导出位于电极对之间的组织的电特性。 系统和方法（206）还感测在其中感测阻抗的组织中的局部去极化事件的定时，并从其导出感测的去极化事件的传播速度。

    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VISUALIZING INTERIOR TISSUE REGIONS
    19.
    发明申请
    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VISUALIZING INTERIOR TISSUE REGIONS 审中-公开
    用于可视化内部组织区域的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：WO1998018388A1

    公开(公告)日：1998-05-07

    申请号：PCT/US1997019373

    申请日：1997-10-27

    Applicant: EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    Inventor： EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ,  McGEE, David ,  SWANSON, David, K. ,  TENHOFF, Harm ,  PANESCU, Dorin ,  WHAYNE, James, G.

    IPC: A61B08/12

    CPC classification number: A61B8/12 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/7285 ,  A61B6/541 ,  A61B8/4461 ,  A61B8/4488 ,  A61B8/543 ,  A61B18/1492 ,  A61B2018/00208 ,  A61B2018/00214 ,  A61B2018/1861

    Abstract: An imaging element characterizes tissue morphology by analyzing perfusion patterns of a contrast media in tissue visualized by the imaging element, to identify infarcted tissue. In a preferred implementation, a catheter tube (12) introduced into a heart region carries the imaging element (34), as well as a support structure (20) spaced from the imaging element, which contracts endocardial tissues. The imaging element is moved as the imaging element visualizes tissue. A selected electrical event is sensed in surrounding myocardial tissue which regulates movement of the imaging element. The support element stabilizes the moving imaging element as it visualizes tissue, providing resistance to dislodgment or disorientation despite the presence of dynamic forces.

    Abstract translation: 成像元件通过分析由成像元件可视化的组织中的造影剂的灌注模式来表征组织形态，以鉴定梗死组织。 在优选的实施方案中，引入心脏区域的导管（12）携带成像元件（34）以及与成像元件间隔开的支架结构（20），其收缩心内膜组织。 当成像元件可视化组织时，成像元件移动。 在周围的心肌组织中感测出选择的电子事件，其调节成像元件的运动。 支撑元件在移动成像元件可视化组织时稳定运动成像元件，尽管存在动态力，但提供抵抗移动或定向障碍。

    MULTIPLE ELECTRODE SUPPORT STRUCTURES HAVING OPTIMAL BIO-MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
    20.
    发明申请
    MULTIPLE ELECTRODE SUPPORT STRUCTURES HAVING OPTIMAL BIO-MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS 审中-公开
    具有最佳生物机械特性的多电极支撑结构

    公开(公告)号：WO1997017905A1

    公开(公告)日：1997-05-22

    申请号：PCT/US1996018332

    申请日：1996-11-12

    Applicant: EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    Inventor： EP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ,  KORDIS, Thomas, F. ,  PANESCU, Dorin ,  WHAYNE, James, G.

    IPC: A61B17/39

    CPC classification number: A61B5/6852 ,  A61B5/0422 ,  A61B5/6858 ,  A61B18/14 ,  A61B18/1492 ,  A61B18/18 ,  A61B2018/00214 ,  A61B2018/00267 ,  A61B2018/00351 ,  A61B2018/00839 ,  A61B2018/1407 ,  A61B2018/1435 ,  A61B2018/1465 ,  A61B2562/0209 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  A61N1/056

    Abstract: An electrode support structure comprises a distal hub (48) and a proximal base (12) aligned along a major axis with the distal hub (48). An array of generally flexible spline elements (180) extends between the hub (48) and the base (12). The spline elements (180) each have an elongated axis that, at the base (12), extends generally parallel to the major axis and, at the hub (48), extends at an angle measured relative to the major axis of between 45 degrees and 110 degrees. The spline elements (180) collectively define a distal surface (66) lying within an envelope that approximates the curvature of endocardial tissue and within which envelope the distal hub (48) lies. According to this aspect of the invention, the distal surface (66), when contacting endocardial tissue, increases in surface area in response to force applied generally along the major axis to mediate tissue pressure.

    Abstract translation: 电极支撑结构包括远端轮毂（48）和沿着长轴与远侧轮毂（48）对准的近侧基座（12）。 大致柔性的花键元件（180）的阵列在轮毂（48）和基座（12）之间延伸。 所述花键元件（180）各自具有细长轴线，所述细长轴线在所述基部（12）处大体上平行于所述长轴线延伸，并且在所述轮毂（48）处以相对于所述长轴测量的角度之间延伸45度 和110度。 花键元件（180）共同地限定位于包络内的远侧表面（66），其近似心内膜组织的曲率，并且远端轮毂（48）位于该远端表面内。 根据本发明的这个方面，当远端表面（66）接触心内膜组织时，响应于通常沿着长轴施加的力而介导组织压力的表面积增加。

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