Abstract:
The invention relates to an ultrasonic flow meter (1) which is characterized in that it uses a low amount of power. According to the invention, a control/evaluation unit (11) determines several sampled values ([coded mathematical formula], wherein i = 1, 2, 3, ...) of a received test signal at defined points in time (t) within a given interval and interpolates the sampled values by means of a constant function (f(t)), said constant function (f(t)) being formed by the sum of a given number (n [encoded mathematical formula] N) of wavelets (W). Each wavelet (W) corresponds to the product of a sampled value and a fractional function (I)([coded mathematical formula]) with a Gaussian curve ([coded mathematical formula], [coded mathematical formula] [coded mathematical formula] R).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a fieldbus unit for connecting a field unit to a fieldbus comprising two conductors, said fieldbus unit being designed to transfer a signal via the fieldbus by modulating a current received by the field device. The fieldbus unit comprises a current control transistor through which the current received by the field device flows, the current received by the field device being controlled by means of a base current of the current control transistor, a bipolar transistor, the base current flowing via the emitter-collector current path of said bipolar transistor to trigger the current control transistor, and a current controller generating a current control signal for controlling the current received by the field device. The basis of the bipolar transistor is a substantially constant potential selected so that the bipolar transistor provides base current to the current control transistor sufficient for starting up the field device when the current controller is not supplied with current, and does not provide a current control signal. The current controller feeds in the current control signal via the emitter-collector current path of the bipolar transistor.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a device comprising at least one light-generating optoelectronic functional element (1) which at least temporarily emits light during operation when the functional element (1) is triggered by an electrical signal (Tx), at least one light-sensitive optoelectronic functional element (2) which at least temporarily supplies an electrical signal (Rx) during operation when the functional element (2) is triggered by incident light, and at least one light-guiding third functional element (3) that is made at least in part of transmissive material, especially translucent plastic or glass. The third functional element (3) guides injected light during operation and is provided with at least one substantially planar boundary area (31, 32, 33, 34) which diffracts light that is guided within the device. The at least one substantially planar, light-diffracting boundary area (31, 32, 33, 34) has a normal which is inclined relative to the main beam axis (1', 2') of at least one of the two optoelectronic functional elements (1; 2), a theoretical main beam axis (1') of the first functional element (1) representing a direction of maximum intensity of the light emitted by the first functional element (1) during operation, and a theoretical main beam axis (2') of the second functional element (2) representing a direction of maximum sensitivity thereof to light incident during operation. The device according to the invention is characterized by a simple design and a comparatively great light coupling factor and is particularly suitable for use as an optocoupler in industrial measurement and automation technology.
Abstract:
The terminal block (10) serves to electrically connect a connection line which has at least two cores (L1, L2) and is laid outside an electronics housing (H). To this end, the terminal block comprises a main body (100) which is composed, at least in portions, of an electrically insulating plastic which has, in particular, a dielectric strength which complies with a European Standard EN 60947-1, a connection terminal (K1), which is arranged on a first side of the main body, which first side forms a first connection side of the terminal block, for a core (L1) of the connection line, and also at least one connection terminal (K2), which is arranged on the first side of the main body at a lateral distance from the connection terminal (K1), for a core (L2) of the connection line. In addition, the terminal block comprises a connection electrode (S1), which is arranged on a second side of the main body, which second side forms a second connection side of the terminal block, and is in the form of, for example, a contact pin or a contact socket, and also a connection electrode (S2) which is arranged on the second side of the main body at a lateral distance from the connection electrode (S1) and is in the form of, for example, a contact pin or a contact socket. Particularly for the purpose of forming a switching output which conforms with the European Standard EN 60947-5-6:2000, a resistor element (R1), of which a first connection is electrically connected to the connection terminal (K1) and a second connection is electrically connected to the connection electrode (S1), and also a resistor element (R2), of which a first connection is electrically connected to the connection terminal (K1) or to the connection electrode (S1) and a second connection is electrically connected both to the connection terminal (K2) and also to the connection electrode (S2), are arranged within the main body.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (1) for reducing power dissipation in an active current output (5) of a field device for determining and/or influencing a process variable, said process variable being represented via an adjustable current value (4-20 mA), comprising an external voltage supply, a voltage regulator (4) and a control circuit (7, 8, 9, 10) assigned to the voltage regulator (4), said control circuit (7, 8, 9, 10) being designed in such a way that the voltage regulator (4) regulates the voltage of an external load (6) connected in parallel to the current output (5) on the basis of the currently set current value (4-20 mA) in such a way that essentially only the voltage required in each case is available to the external load (6).