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公开(公告)号：BRPI0619398A2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-17
申请号：BRPI0619398
申请日：2006-11-10
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BRAUDAWAY GORDON WESLEY , MINTZER FREDERICK COLE
Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for embedding an identifying pattern of visible speckles into the digitized image of each page of a document. A speckle is a cluster of black or white pixels. Speckles are printed as black speckles on the white paper, or conversely, as areas of missing black removed from the black text characters, called white speckles. The collective pattern of all embedded black and white speckles on a single document page is called a specklemark. A specklemark can survive contrast manipulations on photocopiers and binary rasterization done by fax scanning prior to data transmission. The random pattern of the black and white speckles visible in the digitized image of a document page can be detected automatically, and by systematically matching the detected pattern with those known to have been embedded into marked copies of a document page, a specific document copy can be identified. Methods for composing, embedding and detecting specklemarks are the subject of this patent.
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公开(公告)号：DE69730109D1
公开(公告)日：2004-09-09
申请号：DE69730109
申请日：1997-12-19
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： MINTZER FREDERICK COLE , YEUNG MINERVA MING-YEE
IPC: H04N1/44 , G06T1/00 , G06T7/00 , G09C5/00 , H04N1/32 , H04N1/387 , H04N7/08 , H04N7/081 , H04N7/30 , G06T11/00
Abstract: A system quickly verifies that the content of an image has not been changed since an earlier time when the content of that image was stamped. The system consists of a stamping process that embeds stamping information into a source image and produces a verification key, and a verification process that extracts stamping information from a stamped source image based on the verification key. Furthermore, the verification process produces an image itself, from which the verification can be readily judged visually or by use of a computer or other display device. In the verification process, the changes in an image can be detected and localized. The image stamping process further includes an error diffusion process so that the effects of combining the stamping information with the original image are not readily perceptable. An image is safeguarded against malicious manipulations and the proprietary rights are protected by maintaining the integrity of the image content.
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公开(公告)号：DE3473191D1
公开(公告)日：1988-09-08
申请号：DE3473191
申请日：1984-12-11
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： MITCHELL JOAN LA VERNE , ANDERSON KAREN LOUIS , MINTZER FREDERICK COLE
Abstract: 57 A method for rotation of a binary image by 180 degrees, includes the steps of: positioning first (Pl) and second (P2) address pointers at the center or at the beginning and end respectively of an image to be rotated; indexing the first pointer in a first direction through said image; indexing the second pointer in a second direction through said image; exchanging, for each index step, a first image word at the first pointer with a second image word, at the second pointer if the first image word and the second image word have any two bits with different values; reversing all exchanged words; storing the reversed, exchanged words at said pointer locations; repeating the above steps until the first pointer and the second pointer have been indexed through all words in the image at which point the image has been rotated by 180 degrees.
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公开(公告)号：DE3486075D1
公开(公告)日：1993-03-25
申请号：DE3486075
申请日：1984-12-11
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： MINTZER FREDERICK COLE , ANDERSON KAREN LOUISE
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：DE3484736D1
公开(公告)日：1991-07-25
申请号：DE3484736
申请日：1984-12-11
Applicant: IBM
Abstract: Method for rotating an image by 90 degrees includes the steps of: storing the image in a raster format arranged in r rows by c columns, image information in each row being stored in a number of bytes, each byte having b bits, there being c/b bytes in each row of the raster format; moving a block of the image into a temporary storage, there being n rows by m columns in the block; separating each image block into groups of bytes of rotatable size; determining for each group if all bits are the same value; rotating each group that does not have all bits the same value; storing each rotated group in an output area of the raster storage; repeating the above steps for all remaining blocks of the image.
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公开(公告)号：DE3679349D1
公开(公告)日：1991-06-27
申请号：DE3679349
申请日：1986-03-21
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： CHEN YI-HSIN NMN , MINTZER FREDERICK COLE , PENNINGTON KEITH SAMUEL
Abstract: An electronic processing system for reproducing mixed images, ie, original images having areas of continuous tone and areas of text, in such a manner that both areas are of balancedm good quality in the reproduction. The image to be reproduced is (1) divided into non-overlapping 4 x 4 blocks of pixels or picture elements, and, (2) each block is classified as either of TEXT or IMAGE, based on the values of the 16 pixels within it. The classification is improved by (3) eliminating short runs of blocks with the same classification. The pixel values are then adjusted by appropriately (4) thresholding those in the TEXT blocks and, (5) averaging those in the IMAGE blocks. The IMAGE block values are quantized to one of 17 levels using an improved error diffusing process and then mapped onto a 4 x 4 pattern preparatory to (6) merging the binary images for the TEXT and IMAGE areas. Converting to various patterns to suit the output device such as a specific printer, is possible by permitting the conversion of the bits for an IMAGE block from one pattern table to another.
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公开(公告)号：DE69730109T2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-11
申请号：DE69730109
申请日：1997-12-19
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： MINTZER FREDERICK COLE , YEUNG MINERVA MING-YEE
IPC: H04N1/44 , G06T1/00 , G06T7/00 , G09C5/00 , H04N1/32 , H04N1/387 , H04N7/08 , H04N7/081 , H04N7/30 , G06T11/00
Abstract: A system quickly verifies that the content of an image has not been changed since an earlier time when the content of that image was stamped. The system consists of a stamping process that embeds stamping information into a source image and produces a verification key, and a verification process that extracts stamping information from a stamped source image based on the verification key. Furthermore, the verification process produces an image itself, from which the verification can be readily judged visually or by use of a computer or other display device. In the verification process, the changes in an image can be detected and localized. The image stamping process further includes an error diffusion process so that the effects of combining the stamping information with the original image are not readily perceptable. An image is safeguarded against malicious manipulations and the proprietary rights are protected by maintaining the integrity of the image content.
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公开(公告)号：GB2358115A
公开(公告)日：2001-07-11
申请号：GB0022614
申请日：2000-09-15
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BRAUDAWAY GORDON WESLEY , HOWARD PATRICK D , KAMESAM PASUMARTI VENKATA , MINTZER FREDERICK COLE , SACHAR HOWARD EDWARD , SMITH SEAN WILLIAM , SOCOLOFSKY JOHN MARK , TRESSER CHARLES PHILIPPE LOUIS , WU CHAI WAH
Abstract: A communication link is provided between a certified document owner and a remote printing station. The printing station is provided with a leaf of special paper and determines whether the leaf is legitimate by comparing a representative number and its encrypted version (encrypted using a first key) at locations on the leaf Extra hidden data may also be provided on the leaf for checking its authenticity. The printing station transmits the representative number and its encrypted version to the certified document owner who can also perform the authenticity check. The certified document owner appends a document with the representative number, computes a digitally signed version of the appended document (using a second key) and transmits the document and the signed version to the printing station for printing. As such, further unauthorised prints of this document as well as copies of this document can be recognized as non-authentic. The printer used does not need to be specialised with security controls.
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