公开(公告)号：WO1997041856A1

公开(公告)日：1997-11-13

申请号：PCT/US1997007792

申请日：1997-05-07

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL, INC.

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL, INC. ,  LANSBURY, Peter, T., Jr. ,  HAN, Hogyu ,  CHO, Cheon-Gyu ,  ZHEN, Weiguo ,  HARPER, James, D. ,  DAVISON, Alan

IPC: A61K31/44

CPC classification number: C07F13/005 ,  A61K49/06 ,  A61K51/0478 ,  A61K51/0482 ,  A61K2123/00 ,  C07B59/002

Abstract: Novel organometallic compounds for binding amyloid are described. Methods using such compounds for determining by imaging the localization or quantification of amyloid fibrils in a mammal, for diagnosing the degree of progression of Alzheimer's disease in a mammal, for monitoring the response to therapy in a mammal having Alzheimer's disease, for identifying an agent useful for treating Alzheimer's disease, for treating Alzheimer's disease, and for detecting the presence of the infectious form of the prion protein, are also described.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于结合淀粉样蛋白的新型有机金属化合物。 使用这些化合物来测定哺乳动物淀粉样蛋白原纤维的定位或定量的方法，用于诊断哺乳动物中阿尔茨海默病的进展程度，用于监测具有阿尔茨海默病的哺乳动物的治疗反应，用于鉴定有用的药剂 还描述了用于治疗阿尔茨海默病，用于治疗阿尔茨海默病和检测朊病毒蛋白的感染形式的存在。

公开(公告)号：WO1997040435A2

公开(公告)日：1997-10-30

申请号：PCT/US1997006250

申请日：1997-04-15

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  DUBOWSKY, Steven ,  MOREL, Guillaume

IPC: G05D00/00

CPC classification number: B25J9/1628 ,  G05B2219/40582 ,  G05B2219/40599

Abstract: An elegant, cost-effective apparatus and method is disclosed for compensating the effect of joint friction in manipulators. The invention uses a six axis wrench sensor (also called a force/torque sensor) mounted between the manipulator and a reference body upon which it is supported. From the base wrench measurements, for rotary joints, the joint torques are estimated. The estimations apparatus uses Newton-Euler relations of successive link bodies. The estimated torque is fed back through a torque controller, that virtually eliminates friction and gravity effects. A position control loop encloses the torque controller and provides it with desired torques computed from measured position errors. For linear joints, appropriate forces are estimated. Coupled to link position sensors and the wrench sensor, is a gravity compensator, which generates a dynamic wrench signal that corresponds to the gravity compensated dynamic component of the base wrench signal, based on the position signals and the base wrench signal. Coupled to the gravity compensator and the position sensors is a joint analyzer, which generates a signal that corresponds to the gravity compensated torque that is actually applied to the link at the rotary joint, based on the dynamic wrench signal and the position signals. Both torques at rotary joints and forces at linear joints are estimated by the apparatus. Multiple and single joint manipulators can be evaluated. The achieved precision is substantially greater than for conventional methods and approaches the resolution of the Puma's encoders.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种优雅，成本有效的装置和方法来补偿机械手中的联合摩擦的影响。 本发明使用六轴扳手传感器（也称为力/扭矩传感器），其安装在操纵器和支撑在其上的参考体之间。 从基础扳手测量，对于旋转接头，估计接头扭矩。 估计装置使用连续链接体的牛顿 - 欧拉关系。 估计的扭矩通过扭矩控制器反馈，实际上消除了摩擦和重力作用。 位置控制回路包围扭矩控制器，并向其提供从测量位置误差计算出的所需转矩。 对于线性关节，估计适当的力。 耦合到链接位置传感器和扳手传感器，是重力补偿器，其基于位置信号和基准扳手信号产生对应于基础扳手信号的重力补偿动态分量的动态扳手信号。 耦合到重力补偿器并且位置传感器是联合分析器，其基于动态扳手信号和位置信号产生对应于实际施加到旋转接头处的连杆的重力补偿转矩的信号。 旋转接头处的扭矩和直线接头处的力均由设备估计。 可以评估多个和单个关节操纵器。 实现的精度比传统方法大得多，并且可以实现Puma编码器的分辨率。

公开(公告)号：WO1997039715A1

公开(公告)日：1997-10-30

申请号：PCT/US1997006715

申请日：1997-04-21

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  ASADA, Haruhiko, H. ,  MASCARO, Stephen ,  SPANO, Joseph

IPC: A61G12/00

CPC classification number: A61G7/053 ,  A61G5/046 ,  A61G5/1002 ,  A61G7/165 ,  A61G2203/723 ,  G05B2219/39349 ,  G05B2219/40032 ,  G05D1/0225 ,  G05D1/0272 ,  G05D2201/0206

Abstract: A hybrid personal vehicle capable of holonomic omni-directional self-locomotion. The vehicle may be programmed to navigate to a specified location in a crowded household environment. Additionally, sensors are provided for accurate docking and tight mating with fixtures such as a toilet or bed. A controller determines a docking trajectory to a specified fixture and behaves with arbitrary stiffness in each degree of freedom about a determined center of compliance.

Abstract translation: 一种混合型个人车辆，具有全方位的全方位自行运动。 车辆可以被编程以导航到拥挤的家庭环境中的指定位置。 另外，传感器被提供用于精确对接和与诸如马桶或床的固定装置紧密配合。 控制器确定到指定的夹具的对接轨迹，并且在关于确定的柔量中心的每个自由度中以任意的刚度表现。

公开(公告)号：WO1997039469A1

公开(公告)日：1997-10-23

申请号：PCT/US1997006224

申请日：1997-04-15

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  GEIS, Michael, W. ,  TWICHELL, Jonathan, C. ,  LYSZCZARZ, Theodore, M.

IPC: H01J01/30

CPC classification number: H01J1/304

Abstract: An energetic-electron emitter providing electrons having kinetic energies on the order of one thousand electron volts without acceleration through vacuum. An average electric field of 10 V/m to 10 V/m applied across a layer of emissive cathode material accelerates electrons inside the layer. The cathode material is a high-dielectric strength, rigid-structure, wide-bandgap semiconductor, especially type Ib diamond. A light-emitting device incorporates the energetic-electron emitter as a source of excitation to luminescence.

Abstract translation: 能量电子发射体提供具有一千电子伏特的动能的电子，而没有加速通过真空。 施加在发射阴极材料层上的10V / m至10V / m的平均电场加速了该层内的电子。 阴极材料是高介电强度，刚性结构的宽带隙半导体，特别是Ib型金刚石。 发光装置将能量 - 电子发射体作为激发源发光。

公开(公告)号：WO1997033244A1

公开(公告)日：1997-09-12

申请号：PCT/US1997003376

申请日：1997-03-04

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  LEE, Don, Joon

IPC: G06F17/60

CPC classification number: G06Q10/04 ,  G06Q10/06315 ,  G06Q10/06375 ,  G06Q10/0639

Abstract: A computer system determines a quantitative measure of a manufacturer's capability to achieve a product requirement at an acceptable cost. This quantitative measure, called the manufacturer's capability curve, is a function relating to a product requirement, such as a customer's need or a government regulation or other performance requirement of a component of the product, to a cost for achieving this product requirement. The use of the computer system is enhanced by following a methodology for identifying possible key characteristics as described below. This methodology allows for identification of the relationship of lower level features to higher level features of a product and identification of interaction between two or more features and their impact on product performance.

Abstract translation: 计算机系统确定制造商以可接受的成本实现产品要求的能力的定量测量。 称为制造商能力曲线的这种定量测量是与产品要求相关的功能，例如客户需求或政府规定或产品部件的其他性能要求，以达到实现该产品要求的成本。 通过遵循如下所述的用于识别可能的关键特征的方法来增强计算机系统的使用。 这种方法可以确定较低级别的功能与产品的高级功能的关系，以及两种或更多功能之间的交互识别及其对产品性能的影响。

公开(公告)号：WO1997032182A1

公开(公告)日：1997-09-04

申请号：PCT/US1997003033

申请日：1997-02-27

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  TEARNEY, Guillermo ,  BOPPART, Stephen, A. ,  BOUMA, Brett, E. ,  BREZINSKI, Mark ,  SWANSON, Eric, A. ,  Fujimoto, James, G.

IPC: G01B11/12

CPC classification number: B82Y15/00 ,  A61B1/00096 ,  A61B1/00172 ,  A61B1/00183 ,  A61B3/1005 ,  A61B3/102 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/445 ,  A61B5/6852 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02004 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/0201 ,  G01B9/0205 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/026 ,  G01B11/12 ,  G01B11/2441 ,  G01B2290/65 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G02B5/1828 ,  G11B7/005 ,  G11B7/127 ,  G11B7/24 ,  G11B2007/0013 ,  H01S5/141

Abstract: An imaging system for performing optical coherence tomography includes an optical radiation source; a reference optical reflector; a first optical path leading to the reference optical reflector; and a second optical path coupled to an endoscopic unit. The endoscopic unit preferably includes an elongated housing defining a bore; a rotatable single mode optical fiber having a proximal end and a distal end positioned within and extending the length of the bore of the elongated housing; and an optical system coupled to the distal end of the rotatable single mode optical fiber, positioned to transmit the optical radiation from the single mode optical fiber to the structure and to transmit reflected optical radiation from the structure to the single mode optical fiber. The system further includes a beam divider dividing the optical radiation from the optical radiation source along the first optical path to the reflector and along the second optical path; and a detector positioned to receive reflected optical radiation from the reflector transmitted along the first optical path and reflected optical radiation transmitted from the structure along the second optical path. The detector generates a signal in response to the reflected optical radiation from the reference reflector and the reflected optical radiation from the structure, and a processor generating an image of the structure in response to the signal from the detector. The system provides both rotational and longitudinal scanning of an image.

Abstract translation: 用于执行光学相干断层摄影的成像系统包括光辐射源; 参考光学反射器; 通向参考光反射器的第一光路; 以及耦合到内窥镜单元的第二光路。 内窥镜单元优选地包括限定孔的细长壳体; 可旋转单模光纤，其具有定位在所述细长壳体的所述孔的内部并延伸所述细长壳体的所述孔的长度的近端和远端; 以及耦合到可旋转单模光纤的远端的光学系统，定位成将光辐射从单模光纤传输到结构并将反射光辐射从结构传输到单模光纤。 该系统进一步包括一个光束分隔器，将沿着第一光路的光辐射源的光辐射分割成反射器并沿第二光路; 以及检测器，其被定位成接收来自沿着第一光路传输的反射器的反射光辐射以及沿着第二光路从结构传输的反射光辐射。 检测器响应于来自参考反射器的反射光辐射和来自结构的反射光辐射产生信号，以及响应于来自检测器的信号产生结构图像的处理器。 该系统提供图像的旋转和纵向扫描。

公开(公告)号：WO1997030104A1

公开(公告)日：1997-08-21

申请号：PCT/US1997002618

申请日：1997-02-19

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  ANSETH, Kristi, S. ,  LANGER, Robert, S. ,  SHASTRI, Venkatram, R.

IPC: C08G67/04

CPC classification number: A61L27/58 ,  A61K9/2027 ,  A61L24/0042 ,  A61L31/148 ,  C08F267/02

Abstract: Biodegradable polymer networks are provided which are useful in a variety of dental and orthopedic applications. The biodegradable polymer networks can be formed in one embodiment by polymerizing anhydride prepolymers including cross-linkable groups, such as unsaturated moieties. The anhydride prepolymers can be cross-linked, for example in a photopolymerization reaction by irradiation of the prepolymer with light in the presence of a free radical initiator. Suitable anhydride prepolymers include dianhydrides of a dicarboxylic acid and a carboxylic acid molecule comprising a cross-linkable group. For example, methacrylic acid dianhydrides of monomers or oligomers of a diacid such as sebacic acid or 1,3-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-hexane can be used. The anhydride prepolymers can be applied in vivo to a site where an orthopedic implant is needed, and then may be cross-linked, for example, by irradiation with UV light, to form a biodegradable implant such as a rod, pin or plate. The implants advantageously provide mechanical support and also are capable of slow surface degradation to permit bone ingrowth.

Abstract translation: 提供可生物降解的聚合物网络，其可用于各种牙科和矫形应用。 可生物降解的聚合物网络可以在一个实施方案中通过聚合包括可交联基团（例如不饱和部分）的酸酐预聚物来形成。 可以将酸酐预聚物交联，例如通过在自由基引发剂的存在下用光照射预聚物进行光聚合反应。 合适的酸酐预聚物包括二羧酸的二酐和包含可交联基团的羧酸分子。 例如，可以使用二酸的单体或低聚物的甲基丙烯酸二酐，例如癸二酸或1,3-双（对羧基苯氧基） - 己烷。 酸酐预聚物可以体内施用于需要整形外科植入物的部位，然后可以例如通过用紫外线照射进行交联，形成可生物降解的植入物，例如杆，针或板。 植入物有利地提供机械支撑并且还能够缓慢的表面退化以允许骨向内生长。

公开(公告)号：WO1997018904A1

公开(公告)日：1997-05-29

申请号：PCT/US1996017790

申请日：1996-11-07

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  MERRIL, Edward, W. ,  ALLGOR, Susan, S. ,  LEUNG, Gladys, C.

IPC: B05D07/04

CPC classification number: C08J7/04 ,  A61L27/34 ,  A61L29/085 ,  A61L31/10 ,  B05D7/04 ,  C08J7/047 ,  C08J2465/02 ,  C08L71/02

Abstract: Methods are provided for the fabrication of hydrophilic coatings on hydrophobic surfaces. In one embodiment, a polyethylene oxide (PEO) coating is fabricated on the surface of a polymeric material by contacting the surface with a methacrylic acid or acrylic acid monomer. The monomer first is reacted, for example by irradiation with an electron beam, to polymerize and covalently attach the monomer to the surface, to improve the hydrophilicity of the polymeric material. A coating of PEO molecules is subsequently attached to the polymer surface by hydrogen bond complexation. The PEO coating then may be covalently grafted onto the surface, for example, by irradiation grafting with an electron beam. The covalent grafting of a coating of the methacrylic or acrylic monomers to the surface greatly improves the wettability of the surface, and facilitates the covalent or non-covalent attachment of a coating of PEO to the polymer surface. Thus, hydrophilic PEO coatings can be fabricated on hydrophobic polymer surfaces, to improve the biocompatibility and other properties of the polymer surfaces.

Abstract translation: 提供了在疏水性表面上制造亲水涂层的方法。 在一个实施方案中，通过使表面与甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸单体接触，在聚合物材料的表面上制造聚环氧乙烷（PEO）涂层。 首先使单体反应，例如通过用电子束照射，将单体聚合并共价连接到表面，以改善聚合物材料的亲水性。 随后，PEO分子的涂层通过氢键络合与聚合物表面连接。 然后PEO涂层可以共价接枝到表面上，例如通过用电子束的辐照接枝。 将甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸单体的涂层共价接枝到表面上极大地改善了表面的润湿性，并且促进了PEO涂层与聚合物表面共价或非共价连接。 因此，可以在疏水聚合物表面上制造亲水PEO涂层，以改善聚合物表面的生物相容性和其它性质。

公开(公告)号：WO1997012546A1

公开(公告)日：1997-04-10

申请号：PCT/US1996015995

申请日：1996-10-04

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  ALBRECHT, Paul ,  BIGGER, J., Thomas ,  COHEN, Richard, J.

IPC: A61B05/0245

CPC classification number: A61B5/0245 ,  A61B5/7275 ,  G06F19/00

Abstract: The method for assessing risk of an adverse clinical event includes detecting a physiologic signal in the subject and determining from the physiologic signal a sequence of intervals corresponding to time intervals between heart beats. The long-time structure of fluctuations in the intervals over a time period of more than fifteen minutes is analyzed to assess risk of an adverse clinical event. In a preferred embodiment, the physiologic signal is an electrocardiogram and the time period is at least fifteen minutes. A preferred method for analyzing the long-time structure variability in the intervals includes computing the power spectrum and fiitting the power spectrum to a power law dependence on frequency over a selected frequency range such as 10 to 10 Hz. Characteristics of the long-time structure fluctuations in the intervals is used to assess risk of an adverse clinical event.

Abstract translation: 用于评估不利临床事件的风险的方法包括检测受试者的生理信号，并根据生理信号确定与心跳之间的时间间隔相对应的间隔序列。 分析超过15分钟的时间段间隔波动的长期结构，以评估不良临床事件的风险。 在优选实施例中，生理信号是心电图，并且时间段至少为十五分钟。 用于分析间隔中的长时间结构变异性的优选方法包括计算功率谱并将功率谱转换为在所选频率范围（例如10 -4至10 -2 Hz）上的频率的幂律依赖性 。 间隔时间长时间结构波动的特征用于评估不良临床事件的风险。

公开(公告)号：WO1997003279A1

公开(公告)日：1997-01-30

申请号：PCT/US1996011474

申请日：1996-07-10

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  AHERN, Brian, S. ,  CLARK, Harry, R. ,  JOHNSON, Keith, H.

IPC: F02B51/06

CPC classification number: H05H1/00 ,  C10L1/32 ,  C10L1/328 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B51/06 ,  Y02T10/126

Abstract: The invention provides a scheme for combusting a hydrocarbon fuel to generate and extract enhanced translational energy. In the scheme, hydrocarbon fuel is nanopartitioned into nanometric fuel regions each having a diameter less than about 1000 angstroms; and either before or after the nanopartitioning, the fuel is introduced into a combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber, a shock wave excitation of at least about 50,000 psi and with an excitation rise time of less than about 100 nanoseconds is applied to the fuel. A fuel partitioned into such nanometric quantum confinement regions enables a quantum mechanical condition in which translational energy modes of the fuel are amplified, whereby the average energy of the translational energy mode levels is higher than it would be for a macro-sized, unpartitioned fuel. Combustion of such a nanopartitioned fuel provides enhanced translational energy extraction by way of, e.g., a reciprocating piston because only the translational energy mode of combustion products appreciably contributes to momentum exchange with the piston. The shock wave excitation provided by the invention, as applied to combustion of any fuel, and preferably to a nanopartitioned fuel, enhances translational energy extraction and exchange during combustion by enhancing translational energy mode amplification in the fuel and by enhancing transfer of an appreciable amount of energy from that translational mode to the piston before the combusted fuel re-equilibrates the translational energy into other energy modes.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种用于燃烧碳氢化合物燃料以产生和提取增强的平移能量的方案。 在该方案中，烃燃料被纳米颗粒纳入每个直径小于约1000埃的纳米燃料区; 并且在纳米颗粒之前或之后，将燃料引入燃烧室。 在燃烧室中，至少约50,000psi的冲击波激发和小于约100纳秒的激发上升时间被施加到燃料。 分配到这种纳米量子限制区域中的燃料使得能够扩大燃料的平移能量模式的量子力学条件，由此平移能量模式水平的平均能量高于对于大型未分配燃料的平均能量。 这种纳米颗粒燃料的燃烧通过例如往复活塞提供增强的平移能量提取，因为只有燃烧产物的平移能量模式明显有助于与活塞的动量交换。 本发明提供的冲击波激发，适用于任何燃料的燃烧，优选应用于纳米颗粒的燃料，通过增加燃料中的平移能量模式扩增，并通过增强转移可观量的燃料来增强燃烧过程中的平移能量提取和交换 在燃烧的燃料将平移能量重新平衡到其他能量模式之前，从该平移模式到活塞的能量。