公开(公告)号：WO1995007549A1

公开(公告)日：1995-03-16

申请号：PCT/US1994009919

申请日：1994-08-30

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  CISZEK, Theodore, F.

IPC: H01L31/04

CPC classification number: H01L31/1804 ,  H01L31/0288 ,  H01L31/068 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: A photovoltaic device having a highly conductive substrate (3) formed of an alloy of metallurgical grade silicon and boron wherein the boron is at least 0.1 % of the alloy. A photosensitive layer of silicon is grown on the substrate (3) and the lattice constant of the alloy of the substrate (3) is closely matched to the lattice constant of the silicon of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract translation: 具有由冶金级硅和硼的合金形成的高导电性基体（3）的光电器件，其中硼为合金的至少0.1％。 在基板（3）上生长硅的感光层，并且基板（3​​）的合金的晶格常数与感光层的硅的晶格常数密切匹配。

公开(公告)号：WO1994011905A1

公开(公告)日：1994-05-26

申请号：PCT/US1993010996

申请日：1993-11-12

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  OLSON, Jerry, M.

IPC: H01L31/072

CPC classification number: H01L31/0735 ,  H01L31/02168 ,  Y02E10/544

Abstract: A high-efficiency single heterojunction solar cell wherein a thin emitter layer (preferably Ga0.52In0.48P) forms a heterojunction with a GaAs absorber layer. The conversion efficiency of the solar cell is at least 25.7 %. The solar cell preferably includes a passivating layer between the substrate and the absorber layer. An anti-reflection coating is preferably disposed over the emitter layer.

Abstract translation: 一种高效率的单异质结太阳能电池，其中薄的发射极层（优选Ga 0.52 In 0.48 P）与GaAs吸收层形成异质结。 太阳能电池的转换效率至少为25.7％。 太阳能电池优选地包括在基板和吸收体层之间的钝化层。 防反射涂层优选设置在发射极层上。

公开(公告)号：WO1994010107A1

公开(公告)日：1994-05-11

申请号：PCT/US1993010246

申请日：1993-10-26

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  DIEBOLD, James, P. ,  SCAHILL, John, W. ,  CHUM, Helena, L. ,  EVANS, Robert, J. ,  RAJAI, Bahman ,  BAIN, Richard, L. ,  OVEREND, Ralph, P.

IPC: C07C01/00

CPC classification number: C10B49/12 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10B53/02 ,  C10B53/07 ,  C10G1/002 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02P20/143

Abstract: A process for the conversion of biomass or refuse derived fuel to provide reformulated gasoline components substantially comprising ethers, alcohols or mixtures thereof is disclosed. The process comprises feeding biomass chips (30) by means of screw feeder (31) with a carrier gas (32) into vortex reactor (33) wherein fast pyrolysis occurs; catalytically cracking the pyrolysis vapors over a zeolite catalyst and condensing any aromatic by-product fraction; catalytically alkylating any benzene present in said vapors after condensation; catalytically oligomerizing any remaining ethylene and propylene to higher olefins; isomerizing said olefins to reactive iso-olefins; catalytically reacting said iso-olefins with an alcohol to form ethers or with water to form alcohols.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于转化生物质或垃圾衍生燃料以提供基本上包含醚，醇或其混合物的重整汽油组分的方法。 该方法包括通过螺旋进料器（31）将载体气体（32）输送到涡流反应器（33）中的生物质芯片（30），其中发生快速热解; 在沸石催化剂上催化裂解热解蒸汽，并冷凝任何芳族副产物级分; 在冷凝后催化烷基化存在于所述蒸气中的任何苯; 将任何剩余的乙烯和丙烯催化低聚成高级烯烃; 将所述烯烃异构化成反应性异烯烃; 使所述异烯烃与醇催化反应以形成醚或用水形成醇。

公开(公告)号：WO1994008027A1

公开(公告)日：1994-04-14

申请号：PCT/US1993009094

申请日：1993-09-24

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  GROHMANN, Karel ,  WYMAN, Charles, E. ,  HINMAN, Norman, D.

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

IPC: C12P07/14

CPC classification number: C12P7/14 ,  C12P7/10 ,  Y02E50/16

Abstract: A method of converting carbohydrates in corn fiber and distillers dried grain and solubles to increase the yield of ethanol, comprising pretreating a feedstock of corn fiber or distillers dried grain and solubles with dilute sulfuric acid or other means to convert hemicellulose into soluble arabinose, xylose, and other sugars under conditions that preserve protein content; treating the pretreated material with cellulase and possibly hemicellulase enzymes to convert cellulose and possibly hemicellulose portions into fermentable sugars; and treating the enzyme treated materials with fermenting microbes to ferment the sugars produced through pretreatment and enzymatic action to alcohol.

Abstract translation: 一种在玉米纤维和蒸馏器中转化碳水化合物干燥谷物和可溶物以提高乙醇产率的方法，包括用稀硫酸或其他方法预处理玉米纤维或蒸馏器干燥颗粒的原料或其他方法将半纤维素转化成可溶性阿拉伯糖，木糖， 和其他糖在保存蛋白质含量的条件下; 用纤维素酶和可能的半纤维素酶处理预处理的材料以将纤维素和可能的半纤维素部分转化成可发酵的糖; 并用发酵微生物处理酶处理的物质，以将通过预处理产生的糖和酶作用发酵成酒精。

公开(公告)号：WO1994005704A1

公开(公告)日：1994-03-17

申请号：PCT/US1993008348

申请日：1993-09-03

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  MOENS, Luc

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

IPC: C08B37/00

CPC classification number: C07H3/10

Abstract: A method for preparing high-purity levoglucosan from pyrolysis oil derived from cellulose, comprising: mixing pyrolysis oil with water and a basic metal salt in amount sufficient to elevate pH values to a range of from about 12 to about 12.5, and adding an amount of the salt in excess of the amount needed to obtain the pH range until colored materials of impurities from the oil are removed and the slurry is formed; drying the slurry azeotropically with methyl isobutyl ketone solvent to form a residue; and further drying the residue by evaporation; reducing the residue into a powder; continuously extracting the powder residue with ethyl acetate to provide a levoglucosan-rich extract; and concentrating the extract by removing ethyl acetate to provide crystalline levoglucosan.

Abstract translation: 一种由衍生自纤维素的热解油制备高纯度左旋葡聚糖的方法，包括：将热解油与水和碱金属盐混合，其量足以提高pH值至约12至约12.5，并加入一定量的 超过获得pH范围所需量的盐，直到来自油的杂质的有色材料被去除并形成浆料; 与甲基异丁基酮溶剂共沸干燥浆料以形成残余物; 并通过蒸发进一步干燥残留物; 将残渣还原成粉末; 用乙酸乙酯连续萃取粉末残渣，提供富含左旋葡聚糖的提取物; 并通过除去乙酸乙酯浓缩提取物以提供结晶的左旋葡聚糖。

公开(公告)号：WO1993023591A1

公开(公告)日：1993-11-25

申请号：PCT/US1993004545

申请日：1993-05-13

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  CISZEK, Theodore, F.

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

IPC: C30B19/02

CPC classification number: H01L21/02532 ,  C30B19/02 ,  C30B29/06 ,  H01L21/02381 ,  H01L21/02625 ,  H01L21/02628

Abstract: A liquid phase epitaxy method for forming thin crystalline layers of device quality silicon having less than 3x1016 Cu atoms/cc impurity, comprising: preparing a saturated liquid solution of Si in a Cu/Al solvent at about 20 to about 40 at. % Si at a temperature range of about 850 DEG to about 1100 DEG C. in an inert gas; immersing or partially immersing a substrate in the saturated liquid solution; super saturating the solution by lowering the temperature of the saturated solution; holding the substrate in the saturated solution for a period of time sufficient to cause Si to precipitate out of solution and form a crystalline layer of Si on the substrate; and withdrawing the substrate from the solution.

公开(公告)号：WO1991005039A1

公开(公告)日：1991-04-18

申请号：PCT/US1990004868

申请日：1990-08-27

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  MOHAGHEGHI, Ali ,  TUCKER, Melvin, P. ,  HIMMEL, Michael, E. ,  GROHMANN, Karel

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

IPC: C12N09/40

CPC classification number: C12N9/2437 ,  C07K2319/02 ,  C12Y302/01004 ,  Y10S435/822

Abstract: Purified high and low molecular weight cellulase enzymes from the bacterium Acidothermus cellulolyticus (ATCC 43068) used for cellulolysis, said enzymes are water soluble, possess both C1 and Cx types of enzymes activity, high degrees of stability toward heat and exhibits high optimum temperature activity and high inactivation temperature characteristics.

Abstract translation: 所述酶是水溶性的，具有C1和Cx类型的酶活性，对热量具有高度的稳定性并表现出最佳的温度活性，并且具有高度的最佳温度活性，并且具有高度和低分辨率的纤维素酶 高失活温度特性。

公开(公告)号：WO1990010304A1

公开(公告)日：1990-09-07

申请号：PCT/US1990000098

申请日：1990-01-08

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  KAZMERSKI, Lawrence, L.

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

IPC: H01J37/285

CPC classification number: G01Q60/12 ,  G01Q30/02 ,  G01Q30/10 ,  Y10S977/852 ,  Y10S977/861 ,  Y10S977/868

Abstract: A method and apparatus (10) for specific spectroscopic atomic-imaging is disclosed for spatial resolution and imaging for display not only individual atoms on a sample (5) surface, but also bonding and the specific atomic species in such bond. The apparatus (10) includes a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that is modified to include photon biasing, preferably a tuneable laser (54), modulating electronic surface biasing for the sample (5), and temperature biasing, preferably a vibration-free refrigerated sample mounting stage (12). Computer control (100) and data processing and visual display components (102) are also included. The method includes modulating the electronic bias voltage with and without selected photon wavelengths and frequency biasing under a stabilizing (usually cold) bias temperature to detect bonding and specific atomic species in the bonds as the STM rasters the sample (5). This data is processed along with atomic spatial topography data obtained from the STM raster scan to create a real-time visual image of the atoms on the sample (5) surface.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于特定光谱原子成像的方法和装置（10）用于空间分辨率和成像，用于不仅显示样品（5）表面上的单个原子，而且还可以键合和这种键中的特定原子物质。 该装置（10）包括扫描隧道显微镜（STM），其被修改为包括光子偏置，优选可调谐激光器（54），调制用于样品（5）的电子表面偏置，以及温度偏置，优选无振动的冷冻 样品安装台（12）。 还包括计算机控制（100）和数据处理和视觉显示组件（102）。 该方法包括在稳定（通常为冷）偏压温度下调制具有和不具有所选择的光子波长和频率偏置的电子偏置电压，以在STM栅极对样品（5）进行栅格扫描时检测键中的键合和特定原子物质。 将该数据与从STM光栅扫描获得的原子空间地形数据一起处理，以创建样品（5）表面上的原子的实时视觉图像。

公开(公告)号：WO1989011948A1

公开(公告)日：1989-12-14

申请号：PCT/US1989002161

申请日：1989-05-18

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  SUSEMIHL, Ingo

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

IPC: B23K26/00

CPC classification number: B23K26/08 ,  B23K26/06 ,  B23K26/064 ,  B23K26/0643 ,  B23K26/0665 ,  B23K26/082 ,  B23K2101/007

Abstract: The efficiency of laser welding and other laser material processing is optimized according to this invention by rotating the plane of polarization of a linearly polarized laser beam in relation to a work piece of the material being processed simultaneously and in synchronization with steering the laser beam over the work piece so as to keep the plane of polarization parallel to either the plane of incidence or the direction of travel of the beam in relation to the work piece. Also, depending to some extent on the particular processing being accomplished, such as welding or fusing, the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the work piece is kept at or near the polarizing or Brewster's angle. The combination of maintaining the plane of polarization parallel to plane of incidence while also maintaining the angle of incidence at or near the polarizing or Brewster's angle results in only minimal, if any, reflection losses during laser welding. Also, coordinating rotation of the plane of polarization with the translation or steering of a work piece under a laser cutting beam maximizes efficiency and kerf geometry, regardless of the direction of cut.

公开(公告)号：WO1997013178A1

公开(公告)日：1997-04-10

申请号：PCT/US1996015158

申请日：1996-09-27

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  ZHANG, Ji-Guang ,  BENSON, David, K. ,  TRACY, C., Edwin

IPC: G02F01/15

CPC classification number: C03C3/062 ,  C03C3/095 ,  C03C4/18 ,  C03C17/3417 ,  G02F1/1525 ,  H01M6/185

Abstract: The present invention relates to the composition of a solid lithium-ion electrolyte based on the Li2O-CeO2-SiO2 system having good transparent characteristics and high ion conductivity suitable for uses in lithium batteries, electrochromic devices and other electrochemical applications.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种基于Li2O-CeO2-SiO2系统的固体锂离子电解质的组成，其具有良好的透明特性和高离子电导率，适用于锂电池，电致变色器件和其他电化学应用。