公开(公告)号：WO1997037258A1

公开(公告)日：1997-10-09

申请号：PCT/US1997002942

申请日：1997-02-20

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  BENSON, David, K. ,  BECHINGER, Clemens, S. ,  TRACY, C., Edwin

IPC: G02B06/132

CPC classification number: G01N21/553 ,  G02B6/4246 ,  G02B6/4298

Abstract: A fiber-optic device (10) for sensing the presence of a gas in an environment is provided. The device (10) comprises a light source (14) for directing a light beam (36) to a layer system having a first surface (46) and a second surface (54) opposite to the first surface. The first surface (46) is exposable to the light beam (36) and the second surface is exposable to the environment. A first light portion (50) encounters and reflects from the first surface (46) at an angle of incidence free from optical wave guide resonance phenomenon and the second light portion (52) encounters and reflects from the first surface (46) at an angle of incidence enabling an optical wave guide resonance phenomenon. The layer system is selected to reversibly react with the gas to be detected. The reaction between the gas and the material changes the material's optical properties and the wavelength at which the optical wave guide resonance occurs. Furthermore, a mechanism (24, 26, 28) for measuring the intensity of the reflected first light portion (50) relative to the reflected second light portion (52) is provided with the ratio of the first and second light portions indicating the concentration of the gas presence in the environment.

Abstract translation: 提供一种用于感测环境中气体的存在的光纤设备（10）。 装置（10）包括用于将光束（36）引导到具有第一表面（46）和与第一表面相对的第二表面（54）的层系统的光源（14）。 第一表面（46）可暴露于光束（36），第二表面可暴露于环境。 第一光部分（50）以没有光波导共振现象的入射角从第一表面（46）遇到并反射，并且第二光部分（52）以一定角度从第一表面（46）遇到并反射 的入射使得能够产生光波导共振现象。 选择层系统以与待检测的气体可逆地反应。 气体和材料之间的反应改变了材料的光学性质和发生光波导共振的波长。 此外，用于测量反射的第一光部分（50）相对于反射的第二光部分（52）的强度的机构（24,26,28）设置有表示浓度的第一和第二光部分的比率 气体在环境中的存在。

公开(公告)号：WO1997023004A1

公开(公告)日：1997-06-26

申请号：PCT/US1996019814

申请日：1996-12-13

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  BHATTACHARYA, Raghu, Nath ,  NOUFI, Rommel ,  WANG, Li

IPC: H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L31/0322 ,  H01L31/032 ,  Y02E10/541 ,  Y02P70/521 ,  Y10S438/93

Abstract: A process for chemical bath deposition of selenide and sulfide salts as films and powders employable as precursors for the fabrication of solar cell devices. The films and powders include (1) CuxSen, wherein x = 1-2 and n = 1-3; (2) CuxGaySen, wherein x = 1-2; y = 0-1 and n = 1-3; (3) CuxInySen, wherein x = 1-2, y = 1-2 and n = 1-3; (4) Cux(InGa)ySen, wherein x = 1-2, y = 1-2 and n = 1-3; (5) InySen, wherein y = 1-2 and n = 1-3; (6) CuxSn, wherein x = 1-2 and n = 1-3; and (7) Cux(InGa)y(SeS)n, wherein x = 1-2; y = 1-2 and n = 1-3. A reaction vessel containing therein a substrate upon which will form one or more layers of semiconductor material is provided, and relevant solution mixtures are introduced in a sufficient quantity for a sufficient time and under favorable conditions into the vessel to react with each other to produce the resultant salt being prepared and deposited as one or more layers on the substrate and as a powder on the floor of the vessel. Hydrazine is present during all reaction processes producing non-gallium-containing products and optionally present during reaction processes producing gallium-containing products to function as a strong reducing agent and thereby enhance reaction processes.

Abstract translation: 用于化学浴沉积硒化物和硫化物盐的方法，作为可用作制造太阳能电池器件的前体的膜和粉末。 膜和粉末包括（1）CuxSen，其中x = 1-2和n = 1-3; （2）CuxGaySen，其中x = 1-2; y = 0-1，n = 1-3; （3）CuxInySen，其中x = 1-2，y = 1-2和n = 1-3; （4）Cux（InGa）ySen，其中x = 1-2，y = 1-2和n = 1-3; （5）InySen，其中y = 1-2且n = 1-3; （6）CuxSn，其中x = 1-2且n = 1-3; 和（7）Cux（InGa）y（SeS）n，其中x = 1-2; y = 1-2，n = 1-3。 提供其中含有将形成一层或多层半导体材料的基材的反应容器，并将相关的溶液混合物以足够的时间和在有利条件下引入容器中以相互反应以产生 生成的盐被制备并沉积在基底上作为一层或多层并作为粉末沉积在容器的地板上。 在产生非含镓产物的所有反应过程中都存在肼，并且任选地在反应过程中存在产生含镓产物以起到强还原剂的作用，从而增强反应过程。

公开(公告)号：WO1994029475A1

公开(公告)日：1994-12-22

申请号：PCT/US1994006518

申请日：1994-06-10

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  PHILIPPIDIS, George, P. ,  WYMAN, Charles, E. ,  HINMAN, Norman, D. ,  SPINDLER, Diane, D. ,  SCHELL, Daniel, J.

IPC: C12P07/10

CPC classification number: C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/06 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/17

Abstract: An improved process for converting lignocellulosic biomass-to-ethanol comprising: providing a biomass material selected from the group consisting of unmodified carbohydrate material, chemically modified carbohydrate material, derivatized carbohydrate material and mixtures thereof; treating said material enzymatically, chemically, physically or mechanically to produce a glucose containing fluid; treating the glucose containing fluid in a fermenter with a fermentative microorganism at temperatures between about 20 DEG C to about 50 DEG C and at pH ranges from about 3.0 to about 7.0; separating cell mass from said material and solutions surrounding said cell mass from said materials and recycling the cell mass and solutions surrounding the cell mass back to the fermenter to provide a source of nutrients for the fermentative organism; extracting ethanol from the fermentation broth with distillation or an extracting solvent or with membranes; and evaporating the ethanol from the fermentation broth.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将木质纤维素生物质转化为乙醇的改进方法，包括：提供选自未改性碳水化合物材料，化学修饰碳水化合物材料，衍生化碳水化合物材料及其混合物的生物质材料; 以酶，化学，物理或机械方式处理所述材料以产生含葡萄糖的流体; 在约20℃至约50℃的温度和约3.0至约7.0的pH范围内用发酵微生物处理发酵罐中的含葡萄糖的流体; 从所述材料中分离细胞块和围绕所述细胞团的溶液，并将细胞团周围的细胞团和溶液循环回发酵罐，以提供发酵生物体的营养源; 用蒸馏或萃取溶剂或膜从发酵液中提取乙醇; 并从发酵液中蒸发乙醇。

公开(公告)号：WO1994027136A1

公开(公告)日：1994-11-24

申请号：PCT/US1994005208

申请日：1994-05-10

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  SOPORI, Bhushan, L.

IPC: G01N21/47

CPC classification number: G01N21/9501 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/9506 ,  G01N2021/8477 ,  G01N2021/8864 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting and mapping defects in the surfaces of polycrystalline materials to distinguish dislocation pits from grain boundaries includes a laser (16) for illuminating a wide spot on the surface (20) of the material (14), a light integrating sphere (22) with apertures (24, 26) for capturing light scattered by etched dislocation pits in an intermediate range away from specular reflection while allowing light scattered by etched grain boundaries in a near range from specular reflection to pass through, and optical detection devices (40, 50) for detecting and measuring intensities of the respective intermediate scattered light and near specular scattered light. A center blocking aperture (44) or filter can be used to screen out specular reflected light, which would be reflected by nondefect portions of the polycrystalline material surface. An X-Y translation stage (12) for mounting the polycrystalline material and signal processing and computer equipment accommodate raster mapping, recording, and displaying of respective dislocation and grain boundary defect densities.

Abstract translation: 用于检测和映射多晶材料表面中的缺陷以区分位错凹坑与晶界的装置包括用于照射材料（14）表面（20）上的宽光斑的激光（16），光积分球（22） 具有孔（24,26），用于捕获在远离镜面反射的中间范围内被蚀刻位错凹坑散射的光，同时允许在镜面反射近似范围内被蚀刻晶界散射的光通过;以及光学检测装置 ），用于检测和测量各个中间散射光和近镜面散射光的强度。 可以使用中心阻挡孔（44）或滤光器来屏蔽将被多晶材料表面的非缺陷部分反射的镜面反射光。 用于安装多晶材料和信号处理和计算机设备的X-Y平移台（12）适应各种位错和晶界缺陷密度的光栅映射，记录和显示。

公开(公告)号：WO1994026424A1

公开(公告)日：1994-11-24

申请号：PCT/US1994005299

申请日：1994-05-12

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  PITTS, John, Roland ,  TRACY, Edwin, C. ,  KING, David, E. ,  STANLEY, James, T.

IPC: B05D03/06

CPC classification number: C23C16/27 ,  C23C16/481 ,  Y10S427/103

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition method for depositing transparent continuous coatings of sp -bonded diamond carbon films, comprising: a) providing a volatile hydrocarbon gas/H2 reactant mixture in a cold wall vacuum chemical vapor deposition chamber (13) containing a substrate (14) for said films, at pressure of about 1 to 50 Torr; and b) directing a concentrated solar flux (15) of from about 40 to about 60 watts/cm through said reactant mixture to produce substrate temperatures of about 750 DEG C to about 950 DEG C to activate deposition of the film on said substrate (14).

Abstract translation: 一种用于沉积sp 3结合金刚石碳膜的透明连续涂层的化学气相沉积方法，包括：a）在含有底物的冷壁真空化学气相沉积室（13）中提供挥发性烃气/ H 2反应物混合物 14），在约1至50托的压力下; 和b）通过所述反应物混合物引导约40至约60瓦特/平方厘米的浓缩太阳能通量（15）以产生约750℃至约950℃的基板温度，以激活所述薄膜在所述 衬底（14）。

公开(公告)号：WO1994011906A1

公开(公告)日：1994-05-26

申请号：PCT/US1993011004

申请日：1993-11-12

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  OLSON, Jerry, M. ,  KURTZ, Sarah, R.

IPC: H01L31/072

CPC classification number: H01L31/0735 ,  H01L31/02168 ,  Y02E10/544

Abstract: A high-efficiency heterojunction solar cell wherein a thin emitter layer (preferably Ga0.52In0.48P) forms a heterojunction with a GaAs absorber layer. A passivating window layer of defined composition is disposed over the emitter layer. The conversion efficiency of the solar cell is at least 25.7 %. The solar cell preferably includes a passivating layer between the substrate and the absorber layer. An anti-reflection coating is preferably disposed over the window layer.

Abstract translation: 一种高效率异质结太阳能电池，其中薄的发射极层（优选Ga 0.52 In 0.48 P）与GaAs吸收层形成异质结。 具有限定组成的钝化窗口层设置在发射极层上。 太阳能电池的转换效率至少为25.7％。 太阳能电池优选地包括在基板和吸收体层之间的钝化层。 防反射涂层优选设置在窗口层上。

公开(公告)号：WO1990001729A1

公开(公告)日：1990-02-22

申请号：PCT/US1989002196

申请日：1989-05-19

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  TSUO, Y., Simon ,  DEB, Satyendra, K.

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

IPC: G03C05/00

CPC classification number: G03F7/0043 ,  F23G2204/201 ,  G03F7/2065 ,  Y10S438/945 ,  Y10S438/949

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrogen ion microlithography process for use in microelectronic fabrication and semiconductor device processing. The process comprises the steps of providing a single layer (14) of either an amorphous silicon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon material. A pattern is recorded in a selected layer (14) of amorphous silicon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon material by preferentially implanting hydrogen ions (18) therein so as to permit the selected layer to serve as a mask-resist wafer suitable for subsequent development and device fabrication. The layer is developed to provide a surface pattern therein adaptable for subsequent use in microelectronic fabrication and semiconductor device processing.

公开(公告)号：WO1997014176A1

公开(公告)日：1997-04-17

申请号：PCT/US1996015286

申请日：1996-09-24

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  SCHULZ, Douglas, L. ,  PEHNT, Martin ,  CURTIS, Calvin, J. ,  GINLEY, David, S.

IPC: H01L21/00

CPC classification number: C30B7/00 ,  C30B29/605

Abstract: A substantially stable colloidal suspension comprising a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles each capped with a volatile capping agent, and the preparation thereof. A colloidal suspension so defined can be employed as a source of substantially carbon-free semiconductor nanoparticles for semiconductor film growth. Preparation of the colloidal suspension comprises providing two salts reactable with each other to produce a semiconductor and reacting these two salts to produce semiconductor nanoparticles. Introduction of the volatile capping agent can occur either during nanoparticle synthesis or after nanoparticle synthesis by appropriate exposure to and treatment of the nanoparticles by the volatile capping agent. The resulting nanoparticle precipitate is mixed with volatile capping agent to produce a mixture which is subjected to sonication and centrifugation for a time sufficient to produce a concentrated colloidal suspension thereafter diluted for subsequent deposition in the formation of a semiconductor film.

Abstract translation: 一种基本上稳定的胶体悬浮液，其包含多个半导体纳米颗粒，每个半导体纳米粒子都用挥发性封端剂覆盖，及其制备。 如此限定的胶态悬浮液可用作半导体膜生长的基本上不含碳的半导体纳米颗粒的来源。 胶体悬浮液的制备包括提供可彼此反应的两种盐以产生半导体并使其反应以制备半导体纳米颗粒。 挥发性封端剂的引入可以在纳米颗粒合成期间或通过适当暴露于纳米颗粒合成之后，通过挥发性封端剂进行处理。 将所得的纳米颗粒沉淀物与挥发性封端剂混合以产生混合物，该混合物经过超声处理和离心足够的时间以产生浓缩的胶体悬浮液，随后稀释以便后续沉积形成半导体膜。

公开(公告)号：WO1997013842A1

公开(公告)日：1997-04-17

申请号：PCT/US1996015442

申请日：1996-09-27

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  PICATAGGIO, Stephen, K. ,  ZHANG, Min ,  FRANDEN, Mary, Ann ,  MC MILLAN, James, D. ,  FINKELSTEIN, Mark

IPC: C12N01/20

CPC classification number: C12N9/1205 ,  C12N9/90 ,  C12N15/746 ,  C12P7/56

Abstract: A recombinant Lactobacillus MONT4 is provided which has been genetically engineered with xylose isomerase and xylulokinase genes from Lactobacillus pentosus to impart to the Lactobacillus MONT4 the ability to ferment lignocellulosic biomass containining xylose to lactic acid.

Abstract translation: 提供了重组乳酸杆菌MONT4，其已经用来自戊糖乳杆菌的木糖异构酶和木酮糖激酶基因进行了遗传工程改造以赋予乳酸菌MONT4以发酵木糖纤维素生物质将木糖包含在乳酸中的能力。

公开(公告)号：WO1995020063A1

公开(公告)日：1995-07-27

申请号：PCT/US1995001119

申请日：1995-01-24

Applicant: MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,  BHATTACHARYA, Raghunath ,  BLAUGHER, Richard, D.

Inventor： MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

IPC: C25D01/00

CPC classification number: C01G15/006 ,  C25C5/02 ,  Y10S505/739

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a precursor metallic powder composition for use in the subsequent formation of a superconductor. The process comprises the steps of providing an electrodeposition bath comprising an electrolyte medium and a cathode substrate electrode, and providing to the bath one or more soluble salts of one or more respective metals which are capable of exhibiting superconductor properties upon subsequent appropriate treatment. The bath is continually energized to cause the metallic and/or reduced particles formed at the electrode to drop as a powder from the electrode into the bath, and this powder, which is a precursor powder for superconductor production, is recovered from the bath for subsequent treatment. The process permits direct inclusion of all metals in the preparation of the precursor powder, and yields an amorphous product mixed on an atomic scale to thereby impart inherent high reactivity. Superconductors which can be formed from the precursor powder include pellet and powder-in-tube products.

Abstract translation: 一种用于制备用于随后形成超导体的前体金属粉末组合物的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：提供包含电解质介质和阴极基底电极的电沉积浴，以及向浴中提供一种或多种相应金属的一种或多种可溶性盐，其在随后的适当处理时能够表现出超导体性质。 浴被持续通电，使得在电极处形成的金属和/或还原颗粒作为粉末从电极落入浴中，并且作为用于超导体生产的前体粉末的粉末从浴中回收以备后续 治疗。 该方法允许所有金属直接包含在前体粉末的制备中，并产生在原子尺度上混合的无定形产物，从而赋予固有的高反应性。 可以由前体粉末形成的超导体包括丸粒和管内产品。