Abstract:
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR POLYMERIZATION OR COPOLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE IS DISCLOSED, OF THE KIND IN WHICH THE POLYMERIZATION STEP IS CARRIED OUT WITHIN A POLAR ORGANIC SOLVENT, WHEREIN THE CATALYST SYSTEM IS OF THE SOCALLED REDOX TYPE AND COMPRISES A PEROXIDE, A REDUCING AGENT, A FIRST METAL, A SECOND METAL AND A POLYMERIZATION STOPPER WHICH IS SOLUBLE IN THE POLAR ORGANIC SOLVENT. ALSO THE METALS OR THEIR COMPOUND MUST BE SOLUBLE IN THE ORGANIC POLAR SOLVENT AFORESAID. THE METALS ARE COPPER AS A FIRST METAL AND IRON OR CERIUM AS THE SECOND METAL. THE STOPPER SHOULD ALSO BE A SEQUESTING AGENT FOR METALS. THE PREFERRED STOPPERS ARE SOME DERIVATIVES OF ETHYLENE DIAMINO TETRA ACETIC ACID; A FEW OF THESE DERIVATIVES, SUCH AS THE NITRATE, THE CHLORIDE AND THE PHOSPHATE OF EDTA HAVE NOT YET BEEN DESCRIBED HERETOFORE IN THE TECHNICAL LITERATURE. THE ADVANTAGE OBTAINED WITH THE METHOD AND THE COMPOUNDS OF THE INVENTION IS THAT ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS ARE OBTAINED, WHICH SHOW IMPROVED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND A HIGHEST WHITENESS RATING.
Abstract:
A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYESTERS, MORE PARTICULARLY LINEAR POLYALKYLENE TEREPHTHALATES IS DISCLOSED, WHEREIN THE POLYCONDENSATION STEP IS CARRIED OUT BY USING AS A CATALYST AN ASSOCIATION OF ELEMENTAL ANTIMONY WITH INSOLUBLE TITANIUM COMPOUNDS. TITANIUM HYDRIDE, CARBIDE, NITRIDE, BORIDE OR PHOSPHITE ARE THE PREFERRED TITANIUM COMPOUNDS. IN ADDITION TO ACCELERATING THE POLYCONDENSATION REACTION, THE CATALYST SYSTEM OF THIS INVENTION HAS NO DETRIMENTAL EFFECT OF THE WHITENESS RATING OF THE FINISHED POLYMERS.
Abstract:
OR (R1, R2, R3)-N-R4-COO-, WHERE THE SUBSTITUENTS INDICATED BY THE R''S CAN BE SELECTED WITHIN A WIDE, BUT NEVERTHELESS STRICTLY DEFINED RANGE.
R-NH-R''
A METHOD IS DISCLOSED FOR IMPROVING THE DYEABILITY OF POLYMIDE FIBRES BY ACIDIC DYES, SAID METHOD COMPRISING AS AN ESSENTIAL STEP THE ADOPTION OF A NITROGENOUS COMPOUND, WHICH CAN BE BROADLY DEFINED AS BELONGING TO THE CLASS OF BETAINES OR BETAINE-LIKE COMPOUNDS. MANY EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN, WHICH SHOW THE CRITICALLY OF THE SELECTION OF THE SUBSTITUENTS IN THE GENERAL FORMULA
Abstract:
There is described a procedure for preparing unsaturated or saturated alpha , omega -dialdehydes, wherein the monoozonide of the corresponding olefine undergoes hydrogenation in a solution and in presence of a catalyst system comprising (A) a noble metal comprising palladium or platinum and carried on a carrier comprising alumina, coal or barium sulphate, and (B) at least one compound of a heavy metal, and wherein, when a saturated dialdehyde is to be prepared, the unsaturated dialdehyde prepared as above undergoes a further catalytic hydrogenation in an organic solvent after removal of component (B) of the said system by means of a treatment with an ion-exchange resin acidified with sulphuric acid, the resin being of such quantity that the acid equivalents of the resin are at least equal to the equivalents of the heavy metal in the component (B) of said catalytic system.
Abstract:
An omega-amino alkenoic acid containing from 8 to 12 carbon atoms is obtained from an omega-formyl alkenoic acid, which also contains from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, by reacting the acid with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. Preferably the omega-formyl alkenoic aicd is obtained by reacting a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon cycloolefin with ozone to form a mono-ozonide in solution with a polar solvent, the solution being in the form of a separable phase which can be transposed to form the starting omega-formyl alkenoic acid.
Abstract:
A method for obtaining synthetic polyamide yarns, more particularly polyamide yarns, is disclosed, which have a high affinity towards basic dyestuffs. The dyeability with basic dyestuffs is improved by adding to the polymerization mass, prior to, or during progress of, polymerization, an aromatic aldehyde having the general formula WHEREIN M AND N ARE INTEGERS WHICH ARE 1 OR 2, THE GROUP SO3X indicates both a free sulphonic group or such a group salified with a member selected from the group consisting of ammonium ions, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
Abstract:
1,261,976. Meshing screw pump. SNIA VISCOSA SOC. NAZIONALE INDUSTRIA APPLICAZIONI VISCOSA. Dec.10, 1969 [Dec.12, 1968], No. 60237 /69. Heading F1F. A screw pump for removing a viscous liquid from a vessel 10 under vacuum, comprises a driving screw 22 meshing with a pair of driven screws 23 mounted in a casing 21 which is fitted within a cylindrical member 20 inserted in a neck 15 in the base of the vessel 10, the driving screw 22 terminating at the base of the vessel 10, whilst the driven screws 23 have end portions 23 1 which extend into the liquid 12 being pumped. The cylindrical member 20 extends into the vessel 10 and has a series of circumferential openings 30 adjacent the end portions 23 1 of screws 23 which bear axially against a screw cap 31 fitted to the end of member 20, the cap being provided with openings (32) Figs. 2, 3 (not shown) for the escape of gas bubbles. The vessel 10 and the neck 15 are surrounded by a jacket 14 through which a heating liquid, e. g. diphenyl, is circulated. The pump outlet chamber 40 and duct 42 are also surrounded by a heating jacket 51, 52. The driving screw 22 is connected to a drive shaft 25 supported in a housing 45, 48 by means of a stuffing box 49 comprising a number of annular packing glands of e.g. asbestos fibres. A liquid buffer which does not react or mix with the pumped liquid, is supplied under pressure to the stuffing box 49.