Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Reaktionsverfahren, bei dem mindestens eine organische Säure mit mindestens einer Verbindung der Formel R-OH umgesetzt wird. Die Umsetzung wird in einem nahezu lösungsmittelfreien Reaktionsgemisch durchgeführt. Die mindestens eine organische Säure ist bevorzugt Zitronensäure oder Weinsäure.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a technique for producing bichromal balls that are adapted for use in high temperature applications. The bichromal balls find particular application in signs and display devices that can be used in environments in which the temperature exceeds 40°C.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a technique for producing bichromal balls that are adapted f or use in high temperature applications. The bichromal balls find particular application in signs and display devices that can be used in environments in which the temperature exceeds 40.degree.C.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of polymers which comprises generating a solution of water and polyvinyl alcohol with acetate groups; adding thereto a mixture of an alkali metal iodide and iodine; adding thereto initiator, and optional crosslinking agent; adding monomer, a mixture of monomers, or a monomer/polymer mixture; homogenizing, and polymerizing; and wherein there is formed an iodide/iodine/acetate complex prior to said polymerizing.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of polymers which comprises generating a solution of water and polyvinyl alcohol with acetate groups; adding thereto a mixture of an alkali metal iodide and iodine; adding thereto initiator, and optional crosslinking agent; adding monomer, a mixture of monomers, or a monomer/polymer mixture; homogenizing, and polymerizing; and wherein there is formed an iodide/iodine/acetate complex prior to said polymerizing.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of manufacturing toner particles by which the toner particles having a small grain size and a narrow grain size distribution are generated in a shorter time and also coarse grain and soiling are eliminated. SOLUTION: This method of forming the toner particles includes a process to aggregate the toner particles by adding an aggregating agent to a latex emulsion of resin having a colorant mixed therein under a temperature condition above the glass transition temperature of the resin and a stirring condition, and a process of adding the flocculating agent consists of a first introduction to add at least about 40 wt.% of the total amount of the aggregating agent to be added at a high introduction rate and a second addition to continuously add the remaining aggregating agent at an adding rate lower than the introduction rate. When the particles grow to a desirable grain size, the particles are allowed to cool so that the temperature of the particles is lowered to the temperature below the glass transition temperature of the resin.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved method to prepare a gelling agent for phase inversion ink.SOLUTION: A compound represented by formula is prepared by the steps of: (1) reacting a diacid of the formula H00C-R2-COOH with a diamine of the formula H2N-R3-NH2 to form an acid-terminated oligoamide intermediate of the formula HOOC-R2-CONH-R3-HNCO-R2'-COOH; and (2) reacting the acid-terminated oligoamide intermediate with a monoalcohol of the formula R1-OH in the presence of a catalyst which is either a tin catalyst or an organic titanate catalyst, in the absence of a coupling agent, and in the absence of a solvent.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved synthesis process of an ester of an organic acid, which becomes an amorphous material for preparing effective phase change or solid ink elements, the process being environmentally friendly.SOLUTION: A process includes: reacting in a reaction mixture substantially free of a solvent by heating, at least one organic acid (citric acid or tartaric acid) with at least alcohol selected from a group comprising benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, 3-phenylpropanol, phenoxy ethanol, 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexanol, menthol (optical active material and racemic body), 4-t-butylcyclohexanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, and their mixture, in the presence of an optional catalyst; and optionally isolating the reaction product.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophoretic display for enabling a stable display over a long period of time. SOLUTION: An electrophoretic display device includes a display layer having a plurality of individual microcapsules containing a display medium in the inside and conductive substrates in which at least one is transparent. The display layer is arranged between the conductive substrates. The display medium contains one or more sets of coloring particles in a dielectric fluid and has an electric conductivity of about 10 -11 S/m to about 10 -15 S/m. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Abstract translation:要解决的问题:提供一种用于在长时间内稳定显示的电泳显示器。 解决方案:电泳显示装置包括具有多个单独的微胶囊的显示层,所述多个微胶囊包含在内部的显示介质和至少一个是透明的导电基底。 显示层布置在导电基板之间。 显示介质包含介电流体中的一组或多组着色颗粒,并且其电导率为约10 -6 S / m至约10 -15 / S / m 。 版权所有(C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain conductive polymer particles by subjecting a monomer and a conductive component to solution polymerization to give a polymer solution containing the conductive component, removing the solvent from the solution, grinding the polymer/conductive component mixture, dissolving the ground mixture in an organic phase containing a monomer, an initiator and a crosslinking agent, mixing the solution with an aqueous phase containing a stabilizer and an alkali halide, and thermally polymerizing this mixture. SOLUTION: A monomer such as methyl methacrylate in an amount of 10-30 wt.%, a conductive component such as conductive carbon black in an amount of 10-30 wt.%, and a polymerization initiator are subjected to solution polymerization in 50-80 wt.% organic solvent at a temp. of 45-120 deg.C, the polymer solution is subjected to azeotropic distillation to remove the solvent and form conductive component/polymer composite particles in aqueous phase, and the particles are dried and ground. The ground particles are added to an organic phase consisting of 50-70 wt.% monomer, 1-15 wt.% initiator and 0.01-5 wt.% crosslinking agent, which is then mixed with an aqueous phase containing a stabilizer, such as a polyvinyl alcohol, and an alkali halide. The obtained suspension is thermally polymerized to give conductive polymer composite particles having a volume-mean particle diameter of 0.05-5 μm.