Abstract:
An optical assembly is disclosed including two laterally variable bandpass optical filters stacked at a fixed distance from each other, so that the upstream filter functions as a spatial filter for the downstream filter. The lateral displacement may cause a suppression of the oblique beam when transmission passbands at impinging locations of the oblique beam onto the upstream and downstream filters do not overlap. A photodetector array may be disposed downstream of the downstream filter. The optical assembly may be coupled via a variety of optical conduits or optical fibers for spectroscopic measurements of a flowing sample.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for combining or separating spectral components by means of a polychromat. A polychromat is employed to combine a plurality of beams, each derived from a separate source, into a single output beam, thereby providing for definition of one or more of the intensity, color, color uniformity, divergence angle, degree of collimation, polarization, focus, or beam waist of the output beam. The combination of sources and polychromat may serve as an enhanced-privacy display and to multiplex signals of multiple spectral components. In other embodiments of the invention, a polychromat serves to disperse spectral components for spectroscopic or de-multiplexing applications.
Abstract:
Ein Handfarbmessgerät umfasst ein Gehäuse mit einer opto-elektronischen Messeinheit. Diese umfasst eine Optikanordnung zum Empfangen von Messlicht und eine vom Messlicht beaufschlagte Sensoranordnung, welche das Messlicht in elektrische Messsignale umwandelt und diese zu digitalen Messdaten verarbeitet. Die Messeinheit (M) besteht aus einer asphärischen Eingangslinse (L 1 ), einer Blende (B) zur Begrenzung des Einfallswinkelbereichs, einem depolarisierenden Diffusor (D), einer Sensor-Linse (L 2 ) und mindestens drei durch Farbfilter (F 1 , F 2 , F 3 ) auf unterschiedliche spektrale Empfindlichkeiten sensibilisierte Sensoren (S 1 , S 2 , S 3 ). Die Blende (B) liegt im Wesentlichen in der Brennebene der Eingangslinse (L 1 ), der Diffusor (D) ist in unmittelbarer Nähe der Blende (B) und in der Brennebene der Sensor-Linse (L 2 ) angeordnet. Die Filter (F 1 , F 2 , F 3 ) und die Sensoren (S 1 , S 2 , S 3 ) sind nahe der optischen Achse (A) angeordnet und werden mit im Wesentlichen parallelem Messlicht beaufschlagt. Die Filter (F 1 , F 2 , F 3 ) sind auf die spektralen Charakteristiken der Color Matching Functions des Standard-Beobachters nach CIE 1931 ausgelegt. Für Umgebungslichtmessungen kann ein zusätzlicher Diffusor (D E ) der Eingangslinse vorgesetzt werden.
Abstract:
Disclosed are methods useful for providing information useful in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal abnormalities as well as ingestible devices useful for providing information useful in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal abnormalities.
Abstract:
An incoherent radiation emitter/detector is disclosed, comprising: a narrow band device having an emitter/detector surface, the emitter/detector surface characterized by a plurality of geometric features thereon having a size, shape, and distribution definitive of the narrow band, the narrow band having a spectral bandwidth less than a corresponding ideal black body spectral bandwidth.
Abstract:
A spectrophotometric instrument is comprised of a processor, a probe (402) having a tissue engaging surface (404) with an aperture (422) therethrough and a light source producing measurement light signals and optically coupled to the probe via a first optical path (420). A partially reflective first reflecting member (430) is located in the probe and has a generally elliptical profile positioned to reflect a first portion of the measurement light signals to the tissue aperture and to transmit a second portion of the measurement light signals through the first reflecting member. A second reflecting member (456) is located in the probe and has a generally elliptical profile positioned to reflect the measurement light signals transmitted through the first reflecting member. A second optical path (428) has a distal end positioned in the probe to receive to receive light signals transmitted through the tissue sample and a proximal end coupled to the processor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an arrangement for continuous determination of a substance comprising a chemically reacting sensor element (21) arranged in or adjacent to a limiting wall of a volume (22) containing the substance, where in a housing (2) of a modular device (1) optical elements to read the sensor element (21) are arranged, comprising at least one light source (35) illuminating the sensor element (21) and at least one sample detector (29) detecting the light scattered by the sensor element (21), and where a front side of the housing (2) comprises a coupling for the sensor element (21), so that the sensor element (21) may be interchangeably and modularly coupled to the front side of the housing (2). A glass body (24) is arranged adjacent to the coupling for direct contact with the sensor element (21) and separate conduits (34, 31) for the illuminating and for the scattered light are arranged rearward of the glass body (24). The modular device (1) allows for easily interchanging the modular sensor element (21) and provides an optical connection between the sensor element (21) and the detector (29) which is steady and allows for high quality measurements.
Abstract:
A curved mirrored surface (78) is used to collect radiation scattered by a sample surface (76a) and originating from a normal illumination beam (70) and an oblique illumination beam (90). The collected radiation is focused to a detector (80). Scattered radiation originating from the normal and oblique illumination beams may be distinguished by employing radiation at two different wavelengths, by intentionally introducing an offset between the spots illuminated by the two beams or by switching the normal and oblique illumination beams (70, 90) on and off alternately. Beam position error caused by change in sample height may be corrected by detecting specular reflection of an oblique illumination beam and changing the direction of illumination in response thereto. Butterfly-shaped spatial filters may be used in conjunction with curved mirror radiation collectors 78 to restrict detection to certain azimuthal angles.