Abstract:
A system and circuitry is provided by which certain selected embedded pins of an integrated circuit gate array may be provided with dual functions, that is to say, they may act either as receivers of an externally sourced input signal or as transmitters of an internally generated output signal. Each selected input/output pin is controlled by an associated flip-flop residing in a chain of flip-flops so that an associated flip-flop will determine the condition of two buffer-drivers attached to each input/output pin. While the first buffer-driver is tri-stated (disabled), then the embedded pin operates as an input receiving function. When the first buffer-driver is enabled, the embedded I/O pin operates as the conveyer of an output signal from the internal output logic.
Abstract:
A surface and/or bulk micromachined hermetically sealed cavity containing at least one suspended structure in a low pressure ambient, and the associated fabrication method. The cavity is bounded by a thin-film membrane and a substrate which may have a recess. The method can be used for the production, for example, of thermionic-emission vacuum tubes, gas filled tubes and electromechanical devices. In vacuum tubes the cathode is a suspended refractory filament. Other electrodes may also be suspended. In electromechanical devices the suspended members may be cantilever beams capable of low friction motion.
Abstract:
A foilless intense relativistic electron beam generator uses an ionized cnel to guide electrons from a cathode passed an anode to a remote location.
Abstract:
Process and apparatus for varying the deflection of the path of a charged particle beam over a path of length l in a space volume V, where there is a magnetic induction B (x,y,z), wherein a relative displacement of volume V with respect to the beam is produced in such a way as to vary the magnitude .intg.BDl calculated along the path and characterizing the deflection undergone by the beam on passing through volume V. In some of the embodiments rotating magnetic pole pieces are employed to vary the path. Fixed inclined faced pole pieces are also employed.
Abstract:
In a gas-filled space, a pulsed electron beam device comprises a cathode provided with through holes, a filament on one side of the cathode, and an anode on the other side with a sample to be processed held thereon. Electrons emitted by the filament are momentarily directed to the cathode so that a portion thereof may trigger a discharge in a space between the anode and cathode. The discharge ceases in a moment, meanwhile providing electron beams to uniformly process the sample. The cathode may comprise either a single plate of graphite or a combination of a graphite plate and an aluminum plate. Preferably, a net electrode is placed between the cathode and the anode and electrically connected to the anode.
Abstract:
A line scanner for infrared radiation includes a rotatable unit including an optical system which transmits received radiation to an infrared detector during a scanning period determined by an aperture in the wall of a housing for the unit. A reference heat source in the form of a metallic plate is mounted on the interior wall of the housing peripherally of the rotatable unit so that the radiation produced thereby passes through the entire optical system during scanning by the system.
Abstract:
Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer Form von zwei Permanentmagneten (2), die in einer Ionenfalle (1) eingebaut sind, umfassend- Bereitstellen einer ersten Funktion, die charakteristisch ist für eine beliebige Form der zwei Permanentmagnete (2) in lateralen Richtungen und mit einer vorbestimmten Dicke (6) in vertikaler Richtung, und- Bereitstellen einer von der ersten Funktion abhängigen zweiten Funktion, die charakteristisch ist für ein von den zwei Permanentmagneten (2) erzeugtes Magnetfeld,- Bereitstellen einer ersten Nebenbedingung, die charakteristisch ist für einen vorbestimmten Punkt (7) in lateraler und vertikaler Richtung, an dem das Magnetfeld verschwinden muss,- Ermitteln eines Extremums eines Funktionals, das von der ersten Nebenbedingung abhängt, wobei die Funktion von der zweiten Funktion abhängt, und- Ermitteln der Form der zwei Permanentmagnete (2) in Abhängigkeit von dem Extremum, so dass ein Gradient von Größen des Magnetfeldes über den zwei Permanentmagneten (2) maximiert ist, wobei das Magnetfeld an dem vorbestimmten Punkt (7) verschwindet.Ferner werden ein System, eine Ionenfalle (1), ein Computerprogramm und ein computerlesbares Speichermedium bereitgestellt.
Abstract:
An ion trap comprises substantially elongate electrodes 10, 20 some of which are curved along their axis of elongation and which define a trapping volume between them. The sectional area of this trapping volume towards the extremities of the trap in the direction of elongation is different to the sectional area away from its extremities (eg towards the middle of the trap). In a preferred embodiment, the trap has a plurality of elongate electrodes, wherein opposed electrodes have different radii of curvature so that the trap splays towards its extremities. Thereby, a wider mass range of ions can be trapped and ejected, a higher space charge capacity (for a given trap length) is provided, and sharper ion beam focussing on ejection is possible.