Abstract:
An additive for hydrocarbon fuels comprising a demulsifier, a wax dispersant, and a naphthenic oil. The additive of the present invention has been found to decrease ignition times, increase power, and reduce fuel consumption, reduce emissions prevent static rust over extended time periods, and improves cold temperature flowability.
Abstract:
Beta-carotene, chlorophyll and jojoba oil are used together as a fuel additive to enhance combustion characteristics of carbonaceous fuels. Among the observed beneficial characteristics are reductions in the level of common pollutants emitted during combustion. Ethoxylated castor oil is also used in conjunction with the beta-carotene, chlorophyll and jojoba oil to provide enhanced combustion characteristics and reductions in pollutant emissions.
Abstract:
The effectiveness is prolonged for catalytic oxidizers to reduce emissions of both HC and CO from two-stroke gasoline engines. A compound of a platinum group metal is added to the cylinder of the engine, to make it available as an active oxidation catalyst by combustion of the fuel. Preferably, the platinum group metal compound is added with the lubricating oil, but can be added to the fuel or through a separate injection.
Abstract:
A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.
Abstract:
Gel-free dispersant additives for lubricating and fuel oil compositions comprise at least one adduct of (A) .alpha.-olefin homopolymer or interpolymer of 700 to 10,000 number average molecular weight, free radically grafted with an average of from about 0.5 to about 5 carboxylic acid producing moieties per polymer chain, and (B) at least one non-aromatic nucleophilic post-treating reactant selected from (i) amine compounds containing only a single reactive amino group per molecule, (ii) alcohol compounds containing only a single hydroxy group per molecule, (iii) polyamine compounds containing at least two reactive amino groups per molecule, (iv) polyol compounds containing at least two reactive hydroxy groups per molecule, (v) aminoalcohol compounds containing at least one reactive amino group and at least one reactive hydroxy group per molecule, and (vi) mixtures of (i) to (v); provided that when said post-treating reactant includes one or more of (iii), (iv) or (v), the reaction between (A) and (B) is conducted in the presence of sufficient chain-stopping or end-capping co-reactant (C) to ensure that the grafted and post-reacted product mixture is gel-free.
Abstract:
Novel compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 is independently a tertiary alkyl group containing from 4 to about 8 carbon atoms and each of X, Y and Z is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group, provided at least one of X, Y and Z is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least 7 carbon atoms, and wherein R.sub.1 is different from the at least one of X, Y and Z that is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least 7 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkylene or alkylidene group, and n is a number ranging from zero to about 4. Also disclosed are methods for preparing novel phenolic compounds, organic compositions, including lubricants based on oils of lubricating viscosity and fuels based on normally liquid fuels and additive concentrates containing the novel phenolic compounds of this invention.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine, which comprises preparing an emulsion of water in diesel fuel which contains a catalytically effective amount of catalyst composition and a lubricity additive, and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine for combusting therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble fuel and lubricating oil additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably dicarboxylic acid or anhydride moieties), wherein the terminal unsaturation comprises terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The mono- and dicarboxylic acid or anhydride substituted polymers of this invention are useful per se as additives to lubricating oils, and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful fuel and lubricating oil additives, e.g., as dispersants.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble fuel and lubricating oil additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably dicarboxylic acid or anhydride moieties), wherein the terminal unsaturation comprises terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The mono- and dicarboxylic acid or anhydride substituted polymers of this invention are useful per se as additives to lubricating oils, and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful fuel and lubricating oil additives, e.g., as dispersants.
Abstract:
Mannich condensation products prepared by the condensation of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl; and n is an integer from 5 to 100;with an aldehyde and a nitrogen base selected from ammonia, lower alkylamine, a polyamine and mixtures thereof.The Mannich condensation products and their fuel soluble salts are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.
Abstract translation:通过下式化合物缩合制备的曼尼期缩合产物:其中R是氢或具有1至6个碳原子的低级烷基; R1是氢,羟基,低级烷基或低级烷氧基; R3和R4独立地是氢或低级烷基; R 5是氢,烷基,苯基,芳烷基,烷芳基或下式的酰基:其中R 6是烷基,苯基,芳烷基或烷芳基; n为5〜100的整数。 其中醛和氮碱选自氨,低级烷基胺,多胺及其混合物。 曼尼期缩合产物及其燃料可溶性盐可用作预防和控制发动机沉积物的燃料添加剂。