Abstract:
Novel compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 is independently a tertiary alkyl group containing from 4 to about 8 carbon atoms and each of X, Y and Z is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group, provided at least one of X, Y and Z is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least 7 carbon atoms, and wherein R.sub.1 is different from the at least one of X, Y and Z that is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least 7 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkylene or alkylidene group, and n is a number ranging from zero to about 4. Also disclosed are methods for preparing novel phenolic compounds, organic compositions, including lubricants based on oils of lubricating viscosity and fuels based on normally liquid fuels and additive concentrates containing the novel phenolic compounds of this invention.
Abstract:
A fuel additive composition comprising: (a) A fuel-soluble aliphatic amine selected from the group consisting of (1) a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl-substituted amine, (2) a hydroxyalkyl substituted amine, and (3) a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide; and (b) a polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic compound or salt thereof wherein the polyalkyl group has sufficient molecular weight and carbon chain length to render the polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic compound soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range.
Abstract:
Platinum group metal fuel additives are effective in fuel environments which make the exclusion of water impractical. The fuels additives comprise a platinum group metal compound and a water-functional composition selected from the group consisting of lipophilic emulsifiers, lipophilic organic compounds in which water is miscible and mixtures of these. The additives are preferably effective in fuel compositions having water contents of at least about 0.01% water by weight.
Abstract:
A fuel mixture containing an ionic complex of an amine salt of a phosphoric acid is effective in reducing the smoke emitted during operation of a two-cycle internal combustion engine. A preferred phosphoric acid derivative is dioctyldithiophosphate. A preferred primary amine component is dihydrogenated tallow amine.
Abstract:
The invention provides a method employing a fuel additive to improve the operation of a pass-through oxidation catalyst over long periods of time with continued catalytic activity and without the undesirable conversion of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3. A pass-through catalyst support is continuously, selectively catalyzed by the combustion of a fuel containing a platinum group metal composition which burns to release the catalyst metal in active form. The effectiveness of the process is attributed to improved combustion in the engine by the catalyst and the treatment of the catalytic oxidizer with active catalyst metal released during combustion such that, in the exhaust system, the soluble organic fraction of the particulates and the levels of gaseous unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are significantly reduced. The catalysts conditioned by the present invention cause minimal conversion of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3. The platinum group metal compositions soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel and are added in amounts effective to provide concentrations of the metal in the fuel of less than 1 part per million (ppm).
Abstract:
A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective detergent amount of an alkyl-substituted, five- or six-membered cyclic urea-substituted monoamine or diamine which is the reaction product of:(a) a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon derived from a branched-chain polyolefin having an average molecular weight of about 400 to 5000;(b) a polyamine having from 3 to 4 amine nitrogen atoms and from 4 to 9 carbon atoms; and thereafter(c) urea.
Abstract:
Succinimide derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of M, ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon-based group containing from about 8 up to about 35 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group containing up to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 28 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 25 carbon atoms; and M is a metal cation.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble fuel and lubricating oil additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably dicarboxylic acid or anhydride moieties), wherein the terminal unsaturation comprises terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The mono- and dicarboxylic acid or anhydride substituted polymers of this invention are useful per se as additives to lubricating oils, and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful fuel and lubricating oil additives, e.g., as dispersants.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble fuel and lubricating oil additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably dicarboxylic acid or anhydride moieties), wherein the terminal unsaturation comprises terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The mono- and dicarboxylic acid or anhydride substituted polymers of this invention are useful per se as additives to lubricating oils, and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful fuel and lubricating oil additives, e.g., as dispersants.
Abstract:
Improved additives/dispersants for lubricant and fuel compositions are obtained by condensing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaryl compound with an amine compound. The condensates according to the present invention are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of the amine reactant with the hydroxy reactant.