Abstract:
An electronically dimmable optical device, including, in sequence, an active absorbing polarizer; a first static reflective polarizer; an active polarization rotator; and a second static reflective polarizer; configured so that the reflectivity and/or transmissivity of the device can be controlled (increased or decreased) by application of a voltage across the active absorbing polarizer and/or the active polarization rotator. One or more polarization levels can be selected by controlling the voltage at the active absorptive polarizer such that setting the active absorptive polarizer to a selected polarization level determines the brightness of an image produced by the device.
Abstract:
Un compuesto de naftopirano representado por la fórmula (I): **Fórmula**en donde:- n1 es un número entero comprendido entre 0 y 5 inclusive;- n2 es un número entero comprendido entre 0 y 5 inclusive;- p es un número entero comprendido entre 0 y 5 inclusive;- m es un número entero comprendido entre 0 y 4 inclusive;- q es un número entero comprendido entre 0 y 5 inclusive;- R1 y R2, idénticos o diferentes, independientemente uno de otro, representan un grupo seleccionado dehalógeno, -Ra, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -NH2, -NRaRa1, -NRbRc, -CO-Ra, -O-CO-Ra y -CO2Ra1, en donde:- Ra representa un grupo alquilo (C1-C18) lineal o ramificado o un grupo perfluoroalquilo (C1-C18) linealo ramificado;- Ra1 representa un grupo seleccionado de hidrógeno, un grupo alquilo (C1-C18) lineal o ramificado ygrupo perfluoroalquilo (C1-C18) lineal o ramificado;- Rb y Rc,- juntos y en combinación con el átomo de nitrógeno, representan un grupo heterocíclicosaturado de 5 a 7 miembros que comprende opcionalmente un heteroátomo adicionalseleccionado de O, N y S, y que puede estar sustituido opcionalmente con un gruposeleccionado de halógeno, Ra, -OH, -ORa, -NH2, y -NRaRa1, en donde Ra y Ra1 son como sedefine anteriormente en esta memoria;- o juntos y en combinación con el átomo de nitrógeno y el grupo fenilo adyacente forman ungrupo heterocíclico de fórmula (A):- R 3 representa un grupo seleccionado de halógeno, -Ra, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -NH2, y -NRaRa1, en dondeRa y Ra1 son como se define anteriormente en esta memoria;- R4 representa un grupo seleccionado de halógeno, -Ra, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -NH2, -NRaRa1, -CO-Ra, y -CO2Ra1, en donde Ra y Ra1 son como se define anteriormente en esta memoria;- R5 representa un grupo seleccionado de:- halógeno, -Ra, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -NH2, y -NRaRa1, en donde Ra y Ra1 son como se defineanteriormente en esta memoria,- o cuando q es igual a 2 y entonces dos sustituyentes R5 están localizados en dos átomos decarbono adyacentes seleccionados de C-7, C-8, C-9 y C-10 del grupo nafto[2,1-b]pirano, los mismospueden representar adicionalmente juntos un grupo -O-(CH2)q1-O-, en donde q1 representa un númeroentero comprendido entre 1 y 3 inclusive.
Abstract:
A cell for the electronic attenuation of light suitable for use in eyewear includes spaced substrates coated with a conducting layer, and preferably a passivation layer and an alignment layer. Disposed between the substrates is a guest-host solution comprising a host material and a light-absorbing dichroic dye guest. A power circuit is provided with a power supply connected to the conducting layers. Adjustment of the power supply alters the orientation of the host material which in turn alters the orientation of the dichroic dye. Light is absorbed by the dichroic dye, depending upon its orientation without the need for polarizers.
Abstract:
A device ( 100, 140, 150 ) for differentially absorbing light, depending on the state of linear polarization of the light, is disclosed. This polarizing effect is induced and controllable by the level of ambient light impinging on the device. The device ( 100, 140 ) may be used as an anti-glare vision protection device which selectively absorbs specularly reflected sunlight in brightly lit environments while permitting all light to pass in dimly lit environments. The device ( 100 ) includes a carrying medium which may be a film ( 142 ) or opposed substrates ( 112 ) that are sealed. A film or the opposed substrates carry a mixture ( 120 ) of fluid material ( 124 ) and photochromic dyestuffs ( 122 ), wherein the photochromic material is activated upon the detection of ultraviolet light so as to absorb some of the light and wherein the energization of the photochromic material effects the material so as to simultaneously selectively absorb the specularly reflected sunlight. The material ( 124 ) may be any fluid that dissolves the photochromic dyestuff material ( 122 ). The fluid is preferably a liquid crystal material such as nematic or chiral nematic. Alternatively, the material ( 124 ) may be a polymer liquid crystal. The device ( 150 ) may allow for electrical control of the absorptive properties.
Abstract:
A device ( 100, 140, 150 ) for differentially absorbing light, depending on the state of linear polarization of the light, is disclosed. This polarizing effect is induced and controllable by the level of ambient light impinging on the device. The device ( 100, 140 ) may be used as an anti-glare vision protection device which selectively absorbs specularly reflected sunlight in brightly lit environments while permitting all light to pass in dimly lit environments. The device ( 100 ) includes a carrying medium which may be a film ( 142 ) or opposed substrates ( 112 ) that are sealed. A film or the opposed substrates carry a mixture ( 120 ) of fluid material ( 124 ) and photochromic dyestuffs ( 122 ), wherein the photochromic material is activated upon the detection of ultraviolet light so as to absorb some of the light and wherein the energization of the photochromic material effects the material so as to simultaneously selectively absorb the specularly reflected sunlight. The material ( 124 ) may be any fluid that dissolves the photochromic dyestuff material ( 122 ). The fluid is preferably a liquid crystal material such as nematic or chiral nematic. Alternatively, the material ( 124 ) may be a polymer liquid crystal. The device ( 150 ) may allow for electrical control of the absorptive properties.
Abstract:
An electronically dimmable optical device, including, in sequence, an active absorbing polarizer; a first static reflective polarizer; an active polarization rotator; and a second static reflective polarizer; configured so that the reflectivity and/or transmissivity of the device can be controlled (increased or decreased) by application of a voltage across the active absorbing polarizer and/or the active polarization rotator. One or more polarization levels can be selected by controlling the voltage at the active absorptive polarizer such that setting the active absorptive polarizer to a selected polarization level determines the brightness of an image produced by the device.
Abstract:
Provided is a liquid crystal device having one or more liquid crystal cells, each cell having an electro-chromo-dynamic (ECD) mixture interposed between two substrates covered with a conductive layer. The ECD mixture includes a liquid crystal material, dichroic dyes and an ionic material capable of inducing dynamic scattering of liquid crystal molecules. The device has a voltage supply coupled with the conductive layers for applying a voltage waveform across the liquid crystal cell, such that upon application of a first voltage waveform, the device is in a CLEAR (low-haze, low-tint) state, and upon application of a second voltage waveform, the device achieves an OPAQUE (high-haze, high-tint) state. In some cases, the device is configured so that upon application of a third voltage waveform, the device achieves a TINTED (low-haze, high-tint) state.
Abstract:
A solar powered variable light attenuating device includes a liquid crystal cell, a photovoltaic cell in electrical communication with the liquid crystal cell, and a light concentrator having a light absorbing surface and a light emitting surface optically coupled to the photovoltaic cell. At least a portion of light impinging on the light absorbing surface of the light concentrator is concentrated and directed through the light emitting surface to a photon- absorbing portion of the photovoltaic cell to generate a voltage. The generated voltage is used to change the liquid crystal cell from a de-energized state to an energized state in response to sunlight directed toward the photovoltaic cell.