Abstract:
In a typical Viterbi demodulator implemented using the add, compare, select (ACS) method, each state in the expected sample sequence model is associated with a hardware module to perform the functions of adding new branch error metrics to path error metrics, comparing path error metrics, and selecting the path having the lowest path error metric. An ACS module may have two or more sequence-model states dynamically associated with it, such that at some times one sequence-model state is associated with it and at other times another sequence-model state is associated with it. This reduces the number of ACS modules required and also reduces the size/complexity of the demodulator's path memories which must store one path for each ACS module. Groups of sequence-model states may be chosen to share an ACS module without significant loss in performance as compared to the original, unreduced Viterbi demodulator.
Abstract:
A delta-sigma analog/digital converter is provided for operating in the analog domain to generate a digital value that is to be processed by a digital signal processor (DSP) (26) to provide on the output a digital output. Each data node in each processing element in the DSP (26) is mirrored by the way of a corresponding data node in the mirror circuit (36). This results in the addition of noise via a noise adder (28) such that each data node in the main portion of the DSP (26) that can draw current from the power supply during a transition will have a corresponding complement node in the mirror circuit (36). Each data node in the mirror circuit will add noise via a transition drawing current from the power supply whenever the transition does not occur at the corresponding data node in the main portion of the DSP (26). Therefore, di/dt noise will be added for each cycle, regardless of the data pattern. This is effected by insuring that, for each data cycle, each data node undergoes a positive and a negative transition. By using a return-to-zero data stream, i.e., inserting a zero in each cycle at each data node, a positive transition and a negative transition can be during each data cycle.
Abstract:
A method and system to efficiently incorporate engineering change order (ECO) modifications into an integrated circuit layout having configurable gate array cells is provided. In generating the original integrated circuit layout, extra gate array cells are inserted into the layout. These gate array cells can be reconfigured to modify their functionality according to changes specified by the ECO. A new netlist with a description of the required modifications is generated and provided to a place-and-route CAD tool to create a new layout of the integrated circuit.
Abstract:
A step generator (800) including at least one gate (805) and a voltage divider (806) coupled to an output of gate (805). The selected node of voltage divider (806) provides an output VOUT of generator (800). Circuitry (801) presents a signal to an input of gate (805) to initiate current flow through voltage divider (806).
Abstract:
A memory system (104) is provided which includes an array (200) of memory cells arranged in rows and columns. Circuitry (207, 208, 209, 210) is also provided for selectively performing logic operations on a bit of data stored in a selected memory cell using a bit of received modifying data. Circuitry (207, 208, 209, 210) for performing logic operations is operable during an AND operation to write the bit of modifying data into the selected memory cell when the bit of modifying data is a logic zero and maintains an existing bit stored in the selected cell when the bit of modifying data is a logic one.
Abstract:
A flash EPROM cell has a reduced cell size by providing vertical coupling between the floating gate (42) and the bit line (46) during programming. The erase operation is done by tunneling of electrons from the sharp tip of the floating gate (42) to the control gate (38) through a tunneling insulator layer (50). The floating gate (42) is formed adjacent a sidewall of a bit layer (46) which is preferably formed of tungsten or tungsten alloy. The cell is adapted so that the source (32) for each cell within the array is the source of an adjacent cell and the drain (34) is the drain to another adjacent cell. A method of manufacturing the above EPROM cell is also described.
Abstract:
Motion video may be imported into a personal or portable computer through an I/O port having a limited data bandwidth, such as a PCMCIA interface. Motion video data is compressed by sub-sampling both luminance and chrominance difference data for different sized groups of pixels. The compression apparatus may be formed on a PCMCIA card which interfaces with a personal or portable computer. Motion video data, compressed by as much as 5:1 or 6:1, is transferred through the PCMCIA card to a host computer. The host computer may serialize the compressed data and store the data in serialized compressed format in a video memory of a video controller. The video controller is provided with decompression circuitry to decompress the motion video data into luminance and chrominance difference data. The luminance and chrominance difference data is converted into RGB data and displayed in a video display.