Abstract:
A burner includes a flame positioning mechanism. The flame positioning mechanism includes a flame charger, a plurality of electrodes placed a respective distances along a fuel stream propagation path, and an electrode switch configured to place a subset of the plurality of electrodes into electrical continuity with a holding voltage. Current flow between the flame charge and the holding voltage anchors the flame to an electrode placed into electrical continuity with the holding voltage.
Abstract:
A low NOx burner is configured to support a combustion reaction at a selected fuel mixture by anchoring a flame at a conductive flame anchor responsive to current flow between charges carried by the flame and the conductive flame anchor.
Abstract:
Gaseous particles or gas-entrained particles may be conveyed by electric fields acting on charged species included in the gaseous or gas- entrained particles.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprises a reaction volume, a reactant or fuel nozzle, an oxidizer introducer, a sensor, a controller, and electrodes. The controller may comprise a power controller, a microcontroller, a sensor interface, a waveform generator, and amplifiers connected to the electrodes. The controller may control an electric current to the electrodes and produce an electric field proximate to a combustion boundary. The electric field may influence the movement of charged species in the reaction volume. The sensors may provide information to the controller, which information the controller may use to change parameters such as the rate of introduction of the reactant and/or oxidizer and/or of parameters of the electric current and electric field, such as the waveform of the electric current, the voltage of the electric current, the location of the electric field within the reaction volume. Reduction in undesirable reaction products may thereby be achieved.
Abstract:
A burner system includes a perforated flame holder configured to hold a combustion reaction and a plurality of fuel nozzles aligned to deliver respective fuel streams to the perforated flame holder. According to an embodiment, a burner system includes a perforated flame holder and a plurality of fuel and oxidant sources configured to collectively provide a fuel and oxidant mixture to the perforated flame holder. The perforated flame holder is configured to hold a combustion reaction supported by the fuel and oxidant mixture.
Abstract:
A burner includes an electrically powered heater configured to output heat energy to a burner portion configured to contact a fuel stream or a combustion reaction supported by the fuel stream.
Abstract:
A method for operating a combustion system includes outputting fuel and oxidant from a fuel and oxidant source onto a perforated flame holder. The method further includes sustaining a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant within the perforated flame holder.
Abstract:
A combustion system includes a combustion reaction holder that defines plurality of combustion channels and a fluid volume separate from the plurality of combustion channels. The combustion channels are collectively configured to hold a combustion reaction. Heat from the combustion reaction is transferred to a fluid disposed in the fluid volume.
Abstract:
A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Abstract:
A horizontally-fired flame burner includes a flame holder positioned laterally from the burner. The flame holder includes a plurality of perforations that collectively confine a combustion reaction of the burner to the flame holder.