Abstract:
A method of making cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture having a source of cerous ion, a source of hydroxide ion, a nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidant at an initial temperature no higher than about 20° C.; b) mechanically shearing the mixture and causing it to pass through a perforated screen, thereby forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and c) raising the initial temperature to achieve oxidation of cerous ion to eerie ion and thereby form cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. The cerium dioxide nanoparticles may be formed in a continuous process.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing cerium dioxide nanoparticles which can be used as a component of a fuel additive composition.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) a process of providing a first cerium ion source, a hydroxide ion source, nanoparticles stabilizer and an aqueous reaction mixture having an oxidant at an initial temperature of 20°C or lower; b) a process of forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles by mechanically shearing the mixture and passing it through a boring screen; and c) a process of forming cerium nanoparticles having an average diameter in a range of about 1 mm to about 15 mm by increasing the initial temperature and causing oxidation of a primary cerium ion to a second cerium ion. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles can be formed by continuous processes.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for reducing sulfur content in petroleum fuel, such as diesel fuel, and raising the Cetane Number to a value above 50.
Abstract:
A lubricity additive composition includes a lubricating medium and, dispersed therein, cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean hydrodynamic diameter of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. In a method for reducing friction between, or scarring, abrasion, or pitting of metal surfaces in relative motion with one another, at least one of the metal surfaces has been contacted with a lubricity additive composition that includes a lubricating medium and, dispersed therein, cerium dioxide nanoparticles whose mean hydrodynamic diameter is about 1 nm to about 15 nm.
Abstract:
A method of making cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture having a source of cerous ion, a source of hydroxide ion, a nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidant at an initial temperature no higher than about 20° C.; b) mechanically shearing the mixture and causing it to pass through a perforated screen, thereby forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and c) raising the initial temperature to achieve oxidation of cerous ion to eerie ion and thereby form cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. The cerium dioxide nanoparticles may be formed in a continuous process.
Abstract:
A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and nano-sized metal particles or nano-sized metal oxide particles or combinations thereof. The nano-sized metal particles and nano-sized metal oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.
Abstract:
A method of making cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture having a source of cerous ion, a source of hydroxide ion, a nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidant at an initial temperature no higher than about 20° C.; b) mechanically shearing the mixture and causing it to pass through a perforated screen, thereby forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and c) raising the initial temperature to achieve oxidation of cerous ion to eerie ion and thereby form cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. The cerium dioxide nanoparticles may be formed in a continuous process.
Abstract:
A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and nano-sized metal particles or nano-sized metal oxide particles or combinations thereof. The nano-sized metal particles and nano-sized metal oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.