Abstract:
The invention provides a colour assessment cabinet comprising an interior chamber (2) and a light source (14) for illuminating the chamber (2). The cabinet further comprises a fan (28) for drawing ambient air through the chamber (2). The cabinet can thereby be used not only for colour assessment of a sample but also for conditioning the sample prior to assessment when the ambient air has suitable temperature and humidity, such as in a laboratory environment. Use of a common light source in the conditioning and assessment steps provides economy and avoids the risk of inconsistent assessment due to different light sources producing different photochromic responses in the sample.
Abstract:
A plasma-based detector using optical spectroscopic techniques for analysing the constituents of gas samples are provided. The detector includes a plasma- generating mechanism and a plasma-localizing mechanism. Electron-injecting electrodes may be provided in the plasma chamber of the detector. A Pressure control mechanism as well as a doping module may optionally be included. In accordance with some implementations, the collection, detection and analysis of light extracted from the plasma may enable one or more of various operation modes, such as an emission mode, an absorption mode, and indirect detection mode or a constant emission mode.
Abstract:
A closed path infrared sensor includes an enclosure, a first energy source within the enclosure, at least a second energy source within the enclosure, at least one detector system within the enclosure and a mirror system external to the enclosure and spaced from the enclosure. The mirror system reflects energy from the first energy source to the at least one detector system via a first analytical path and reflects energy from the second energy source to the at least one detector system via a second analytical path. Each of the first analytical path and the second analytical path are less than two feet in length.
Abstract:
An NDIR gas sensor has high responsiveness and less noise and includes a radiating section arranged to radiate an infrared ray, a detecting section arranged to detect the infrared ray radiated by the radiating section, and a sample cell extending between the radiating section and the detecting section along a route of the infrared ray and covering the entire circumference of the route of the infrared ray. The sample cell includes a plurality of cell elements extending along the route of the infrared ray. Side portions of the cell elements adjacent to each other overlap at an interval from each other.
Abstract:
Chamber elements defining an internal chamber to be utilized during a substrate related stage selected from the group consisting of substrate manufacturing stage and substrate inspection stage, the chamber elements comprising: a first element having a first surface; a second element having a second surface about the periphery of the internal chamber; a third element connected to the second element; and a clamping mechanism that is connected to the second and third elements and is arranged to press the second element towards the first element; wherein a first area of the first surface and a second area of the second surface come into proximity with each other at a first interface; wherein the first surface is positioned above the second surface; wherein a gas groove and a vacuum groove are formed in the second area; wherein the second element comprises a gas conduit that is arranged to provide gas to the gas groove and a vacuum conduit that is arranged to provide vacuum to the vacuum groove; wherein a provision of the gas and the vacuum assists in a formation of a gas cushion between the first and second areas; wherein the chamber elements are operable to partially surround a first portion of a movement system and a substrate during the substrate related stage, the movement system is arranged to introduce a movement of the first element in relation to the second element and the third element, wherein the gas cushion maintains predefined conditions in the internal chamber during the movement.
Abstract:
Systems and methods for measuring the isotope ratio of one or more trace gases and/or components of gas mixtures such as different gas species present in a gas mixture. The system includes a resonant optical cavity having two or more mirrors and containing a gas, the cavity having a free spectral range that equals the difference between frequencies of two measured absorption lines of different gas species in the gas, or of two different isotopes, divided onto an integer number. The system also includes a continuous-wave tunable laser optically coupled with the resonant optical cavity, and a detector system for measuring an absorption of laser light by the gas in the cavity. The detector system includes one of a photo-detector configured to measure an intensity of the intra-cavity light or both a photo-acoustic sensor configured to measure photo-acoustic waves generated in the cavity and a photo-detector configured to measure an intensity of the intra-cavity light.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a holding and rotating apparatus for flat objects which define an object plane, having a gripper device that is rotatable about a rotation axis, said gripper device having a plurality of edge grippers and being designed to fix the object in a defined position in all spatial directions, the object plane being oriented perpendicularly to the rotation axis in said position, and having a rotary drive coupled to the gripper device, said rotary drive being designed to set the gripper device with the object in rotation about the rotation axis. The invention is characterized by a device for distance positioning, said device being designed to apply a supporting force, directed perpendicularly to the object plane, to the object in a contactless manner.
Abstract:
An apparatus configured to acquire information on an object to be measured by an electromagnetic wave pulse, the apparatus includes: a generating unit configured to generate the electromagnetic wave pulse with which the object to be measured is irradiated; a detecting unit configured to detect the electromagnetic wave pulse from the object to be measured; a casing including at least a part of a propagation path of the electromagnetic wave pulse leading from the generating unit to the detecting unit; and a measuring window unit configured to change a propagation distance of the electromagnetic wave pulse by moving a measuring window disposed in a part of the casing. The object to be measured is disposed on an opposite side of the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave pulse inside the casing by interposing the measuring window.
Abstract:
Devices to detect a substance and methods of producing such a device are disclosed. An example device to detect a substance includes a housing defining an externally accessible chamber and a seal to enclose at least a portion of the chamber. The example device also includes a substrate includes nanoparticles positioned within the chamber. The nanoparticles to react to the substance when exposed thereto. The example device also includes a non-analytic solution within the chamber to protect the nanoparticles from premature exposure.