Abstract:
A system for the detection of components in a region of the atmosphere is disclosed, the system comprising a spectrometer assembly having a detector optically coupled to a optical assembly, the optical assembly receiving incident sunlight from the region of the atmosphere, the optical assembly having a field of view extending from the zenith to below the horizon; means for rotating the spectrometer assembly about a vertical axis; and a processor for receiving data from the spectrometer assembly and compiling data relating to the identity and concentration of components in the region of the atmosphere. A method of monitoring pollutants in a region of the atmosphere comprises providing a spectrometer assembly having a detector optically coupled to an optical assembly having a field of view extending from the zenith to below the horizon; exposing the spectrometer assembly to incident sunlight while rotating the spectrometer assembly about a substantially vertical axis; and processing signals received from the spectrometer assembly to analyse components in the atmosphere. The system and method are particularly useful in monitoring atmospheric pollutants arising from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, in particular oxides of nitrogen and/or sulphur. A preferred arrangement comprises a plurality of systems disposed at spaced apart locations and having their scanned regions overlapping.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination de la réflectance d'un objet (4), le procédé comprenant une étape de résolution de l'équation d'une équation à plusieurs inconnues, l'équation étant obtenue à partir des images formées, la réflectance de l'objet (4) et l'éclairement de l'illuminant extérieur (6) étant deux inconnues de l'équation. L'étape de résolution de l'équation comprend: le calcul de points solution de l'équation, l'interpolation des points calculés par une fonction d'interpolation, et l'utilisation d'au moins une des approximations suivantes pour la résolution de l'équation: une première approximation selon laquelle chaque image est issue de l'émission d'un flash de lumière distinct, une deuxième approximation selon laquelle la fonction d'interpolation détermine les points de stabilité de l'équation.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren (800) zum Bestimmen einer Sichtweite bei Nebel (106) am Tag, wobei das Verfahren (800) einen Schritt (802) des Einlesens und einen Schritt (804) des Ermittelns aufweist. Im Schritt (802) des Einlesens werden Koordinaten zumindest eines charakteristischen Punkts (110) einer Helligkeitskurve (102) eines Kamerabilds (100) des Nebels (106) eingelesen. Die Helligkeitskurve (102) repräsentiert Helligkeitswerte von Bildpunkten des Kamerabilds (100) entlang einer Bezugsachse (108) des Kamerabilds (100). Im Schritt (804) des Ermitteins wird eine meteorologische Sichtweite in dem Kamerabild (100) unter Verwendung der Koordinaten, einer meteorologischen Kontrastschwelle und einer Verarbeitungsvorschrift ermittelt, um die Sichtweite bei Nebel (106) zu schätzen. Die Verarbeitungsvorschrift bildet ein ortsabhängiges und/oder richtungsabhängiges Streulicht durch den Nebel (106) in dem Kamerabild (100) ab.
Abstract:
Offenbart ist ein passives Messsystems zur Erfassung des Stickstoffgehaltes von Pflanzen mit einem Einstrahlkopf zur Erfassung der Einstrahlung aus der Umgebung - insbesondere von der Sonne -. Weiterhin ist ein Reflexionskopf zur Erfassung eines von der Pflanze reflektierten Strahlungsanteils der Einstrahlung aus der Umgebung vorgesehen. Weiterhin hat das Messsystem einen Signalprozessor zur Verarbeitung der über die beiden Köpfe erhaltenen Messsignale. Dabei haben die Köpfe jeweils eine Filtervorrichtung mit einer Vielzahl von Filtersegmenten mit unterschiedlichen Bandpasslängen. Weiterhin ist ein Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Düngung von Pflanzen mit folgenden Schritten offenbart: Erfassen des Stickstoffgehaltes der Pflanzen über ein vorbeschriebenes passives Messsystem; Ermitteln einer Düngemittelmenge - insbesondere Stickstoff - in Abhängigkeit des ermittelten Stickstoffgehaltes; und Ausbringen der ermittelten Düngemittelmenge.
Abstract:
A sensing system for detecting hydrogen in an insulation fluid (8) of an electrical device (10) is provided. The system comprises: a sensing element (15) which comprises an optically transparent substrate (20); a sensing layer (25) coated on the substrate, comprising a metal-comprising thin film which changes its transparency due to hydrogenation when exposed to a defined hydrogen concentration; a catalytic layer (30) adjacent to the sensing layer; and a permanent visual indicator (40) located adjacent to the substrate (20), such that the substrate is positioned in a line of sight between the permanent visual indicator (40) and an observer of the sensing system (1), such that the permanent visual indicator (40) becomes visible to an observer at a defined hydrogen concentration.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a method for measuring emissions of gaseous substances to the atmosphere using scattered sunlight spectroscopy and an optical measuring device (20), said device (20) comprising a telescopic member (30) defining a field-of-view (FOV) (24) of the device (20), and a scanning arrangement (42) allowing a controlled variation of the direction of the field-of-view (FOV) (24) in such a way that the field-of-view (FOV) (24) is capable of scanning a certain layer (12, 22) of the atmosphere during operation of the device. The invention is characterized in that the method comprises the step of scanning a scanning layer (22) that has the form of, at least a part of, a cone having its apex positioned at the device (20) and having a cone angle β. The invention also concerns an optical measuring device (20) adapted to form a such a cone-shaped scanning layer (22)
Abstract:
Solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements are important for solar collector/photovoltaic panel efficiency and solar energy resource assessment as well as being important for scientific meteorological/climate observations and material testing research. To date such measurements have exploited modified diffraction grating based scientific instruments which are bulky, expensive, and with low mechanical integrity for generalized deployment. A compact and cost-effective tool for accurately determining the global solar spectra as well as the global horizontal or tilted irradiances as part of on-site solar resource assessments and module performance characterization studies would be beneficial. An instrument with no moving parts for mechanical and environment stability in open field, non-controlled deployments could exploit software to resolve the global, direct and diffuse solar spectra from its measurements within the 280-4000 nm spectral range, in addition to major atmospheric processes, such as air mass, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol extinction, ozone and water vapour absorptions.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for detecting the presence of hydrocarbons near an unmanned offshore oil platform. The method steps include monitoring reflected atmospheric and thermal radiation, detecting the presence of hydrocarbons, and generating an alert based on the presence of hydrocarbons.