公开(公告)号：US20030030001A1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-13

申请号：US09804828

申请日：2001-03-13

Inventor： David E. Cooper ,  Pajo Vujkovic-Cvijin

IPC: G01N021/35 ,  G02F001/01

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/538 ,  G01N2021/1793

Abstract: This specification discloses a method and apparatus for the mobile and remote detection of a gas, such as methane, in the atmosphere. The apparatus includes a TDL based Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) driven at carrier frequency lying within the absorption line of the gas. The apparatus also drives the TDL with a modulation frequency to generate upper and lower sidebands in the output of the TDL and with a low ramp frequency to sweep the output of the TDL across twice the width of the pressure-broadened absorption line of the gas, preferably the first overtone absorption line in the case of methane detection. Suitable power for remote detection through use of the TDL is provided by a master oscillator/fiber amplifier transmitter has no moving or adjustable parts at all. An all-solid-state monolithic and integrated amplifier is achieved, which leads to a compact and virtually maintenance-free LIDAR system. The remote detection apparatus includes reference and calibration cells or chambers, and includes a light collector and detectors to detect the quantity and modulation of the light that passes the reference or calibration cells and that is received by the apparatus after reflection back toward the apparatus from an uncooperative target. The apparatus further includes a signal processor that applies a derivative spectroscopy technique, such as frequency modulation spectroscopy or wavelength modulation spectroscopy, to determine the presence of the gas in the atmosphere.

Abstract translation: 本说明书公开了一种用于在大气中移动和远程检测诸如甲烷的气体的方法和装置。 该装置包括在位于气体的吸收线内的载波频率下驱动的基于TDL的光检测和测距（LIDAR）。 该装置还驱动具有调制频率的TDL，以在TDL的输出中产生上边带和下边带，并具有低斜坡频率，以扫过TDL的输出跨过气体的加压扩大吸收线的两倍宽度， 在甲烷检测的情况下，优选地是第一泛音吸收线。 通过使用TDL进行远程检测的合适电源由主振荡器/光纤放大器发射器完全没有移动或可调部分提供。 实现了全固态单片和集成放大器，从而实现了紧凑且几乎无需维护的激光雷达（LIDAR）系统。 远程检测设备包括参考和校准单元或室，并且包括光收集器和检测器，用于检测通过参考或校准单元的光的量和调制，并且由反射器从反射器 不合作目标。 该装置还包括信号处理器，其应用衍生光谱技术，例如频率调制光谱或波长调制光谱，以确定气体在大气中的存在。

公开(公告)号：US06473632B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-29

申请号：US09595148

申请日：2000-06-16

Applicant: Dean E. Myers

Inventor： Dean E. Myers

IPC: A61B500

CPC classification number: A61B5/7239 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/3504

Abstract: A method for operating a spectrophotometric instrument of the type for measuring the oxygenation state of hemoglobin in tissue. The method includes the use of stored hemoglobin concentration relationship data characterizing the relationship between second derivative absorbance values at a hemoglobin-absorbing wavelength and hemoglobin concentration in a tissue as a function of hemoglobin oxygenation state. Data representative of a second derivative absorbance value of tissue being analyzed is received. The hemoglobin oxygenation state of the tissue is determined as a function of the second derivative absorbance value. The hemoglobin concentration in the tissue is then determined as a function of the hemoglobin concentration relationship data, the second derivative absorbance value and the hemoglobin oxygenation state. The accuracy of the hemoglobin oxygenation state can be determined as a function of the hemoglobin concentration value.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量组织中血红蛋白氧合状态类型的分光光度仪的方法。 该方法包括使用存储的血红蛋白浓度关系数据，其表征血红蛋白吸收波长的二次导数吸光度值与组织中的血红蛋白浓度之间的关系作为血红蛋白氧合状态的函数。 接收表示正在分析的组织的二阶导数吸光度值的数据。 确定组织的血红蛋白氧合状态作为二阶导数吸光度值的函数。 然后根据血红蛋白浓度关系数据，二阶导数吸光度值和血红蛋白氧合状态确定组织中的血红蛋白浓度。 可以将血红蛋白氧合状态的准确度确定为血红蛋白浓度值的函数。

公开(公告)号：US20010032923A1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-25

申请号：US09782440

申请日：2001-02-13

Inventor： Katsue Koashi

IPC: G01J003/50

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/31

Abstract: As for the specific analyzed object, the spectral profile is prepared. The spectral profile is differentiated and the two-dimensional derivative plot wherein at least one axis denotes the differentiated value is prepared, and at least one component band is estimated based on the characteristic information including the local minimum and the local maximum in the said two-dimensional derivative plot. The component bands are estimated which construct spectral profile of the analyzed object by iterating the estimation of other component bands in the same procedure and by estimating component bands in order as for the profile with estimated component bands removed from the original spectral profile or the two-dimensional derivative plot. Further, after estimating the component bands, the band parameter values are so improved as to coincide the specific estimated component bands with complementary estimated component bands with all the component bands removed except for the specific component bands estimated from the original spectral data. The total sum of the distances of the iso-wavenumber lines and the symmetry of the two-dimensional derivative plot are employed as criteria of the coincidence.

Abstract translation: 对于具体分析对象，准备光谱分布。 光谱分布被区分，并且准备其中至少一个轴表示微分值的二维导数图，并且基于包括所述二维图像中的局部最小值和局部最大值的特征信息来估计至少一个单位频带， 三维导数图。 估计分量频带，其通过在相同的过程中迭代其他分量频带的估计来估计分析对象的频谱分布，并且通过按照关于从原始频谱分布中去除估计分量带的分布的顺序估计分量带， 三维导数图。 此外，在估计分量频带之后，频带参数值被如此改进，以便除了除了从原始频谱数据估计的特定分量频带之外，除去具有所有分量频带的互补估计分量频带的特定估计分量频带。 作为符号的标准，使用等波数线的距离和二维导数图的对称性的总和。

公开(公告)号：US06271917B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-07

申请号：US09105279

申请日：1998-06-26

Applicant: Thomas W. Hagler

Inventor： Thomas W. Hagler

IPC: G01J304

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/0213 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J2003/2866

Abstract: A disc serving as a spatial radiation modulator has dispersed radiation filters thereon. Each filter has a transmittance or reflectance modulation function of the form sin2(m&thgr;+p&pgr;/4), where m is a positive integer and p has one of the four values 0, 1, 2, 3. A radiation beam including selected wavelength components is diffracted into an elongated image dispersed according to wavelength. Different wavelength components are focused onto different filters on the modulator and are encoded by correspond filters. Since the modulation functions of the filters are orthogonal to one another, it is possible to extract the amplitude of each wavelength component after it has been encoded or modulated by corresponding filter from the total detected signal during one measurement.

Abstract translation: 用作空间辐射调制器的盘在其上具有分散的辐射滤波器。 每个滤波器具有形式为sin2（mtata + ppi / 4）的透射率或反射率调制函数，其中m是正整数，p具有四个值0,1,2,3中的一个。包括选择的波长分量 衍射成根据波长分散的细长图像。 不同的波长分量聚焦在调制器上的不同滤波器上，并由相应的滤波器编码。 由于滤波器的调制功能彼此正交，因此可以在一次测量期间从总检测信号对相应的滤波器进行编码或调制之后提取每个波长分量的振幅。

公开(公告)号：US6040914A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-21

申请号：US872617

申请日：1997-06-10

Applicant: Michael L. Bortz ,  Asif A. Godil

Inventor： Michael L. Bortz ,  Asif A. Godil

IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/31

CPC classification number: G01N21/39 ,  G01J3/433

Abstract: A laser absorption sensor system for performing optical measurements on a sample is described. The sensor system includes a tunable laser, capable of being tuned at rates exceeding 1 KHZ, and with a tuning range approaching 1 GHz. The laser beam is modulated at a modulation frequency between 1 and 100 KHz. Modulation in this frequency range is termed wavelength modulation. The beam is split into two beams, a signal beam and a reference beam. The signal beam traverses the sample where characteristic absorption takes place and is incident on a signal photodetector. The reference beam is incident directly on a reference photodetector. A noise cancellation circuit combines signal and reference photo-currents from signal and reference photodetectors reducing signal noise and increasing system sensitivity. The combination of wavelength modulation and the noise cancellation scheme provide a highly sensitive simple, rugged, low cost laser absorption sensor system.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于对样品进行光学测量的激光吸收传感器系统。 传感器系统包括可调谐激光器，能够以超过1 KHZ的速率调谐，并且调谐范围接近1 GHz。 激光束以1和100KHz之间的调制频率进行调制。 该频率范围内的调制称为波长调制。 光束被分成两个光束，一个信号光束和一个参考光束。 信号光束穿过特征吸收发生并入射到信号光电检测器上的样品。 参考光束直接入射到参考光电检测器上。 噪声消除电路组合信号和参考光电检测器的信号和参考光电流，从而降低信号噪声并提高系统灵敏度。 波长调制和噪声消除方案的组合提供了高灵敏度的简单，坚固，低成本的激光吸收传感器系统。

公开(公告)号：US5789741A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

申请号：US740592

申请日：1996-10-31

Applicant: Malcolm L. Kinter ,  James L. Beck

Inventor： Malcolm L. Kinter ,  James L. Beck

IPC: G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J5/30 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/50

Abstract: An agricultural implement (for example, a spray device) differentiates living plants growing in a field from background materials (such as soil) by detecting a change in slope of a reflectance characteristic of objects in a field of view. By using a change in slope of the reflectance characteristic, a small percentage of living plant material in the field of view can be detected and the agricultural implement need not be calibrated to a particular background material. In some embodiments, if the change in slope is determined to exceed a predetermined threshold amount, then it is determined that a weed likely exists in the field of view and a solenoid-operated spray valve is opened at the appropriate time to spray the entire area (including the weed) that was in the field of view with herbicide.

Abstract translation: 农业工具（例如，喷雾装置）通过检测在视场中的物体的反射特性的斜率的变化来区分野外生长的植物与背景材料（例如土壤）。 通过使用反射率特性的斜率变化，可以检测到在视野中的生物植物材料的一小部分，并且不需要对特定背景材料校准农具。 在一些实施例中，如果确定斜率的变化超过预定的阈值量，则确定在视野中可能存在杂草，并且在适当的时间打开电磁操作的喷雾阀以喷射整个区域 （包括杂草）在除草剂领域。

公开(公告)号：US5703365A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-30

申请号：US545580

申请日：1995-11-20

Applicant: Yoshio Ishihara ,  Hiroshi Masusaki ,  Shang-Qian Wu ,  Koh Matsumoto

Inventor： Yoshio Ishihara ,  Hiroshi Masusaki ,  Shang-Qian Wu ,  Koh Matsumoto

IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/35

CPC classification number: G01N21/39 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  G01N21/3554

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for measuring an impurity in a trace concentration in a gas to be measured by means of infrared spectroscopic analysis employing a diode laser. In order to carry out analysis with high sensitivity and high accuracy, the gas to be measured is directed into sample cell 5 and placed in a low pressure state by means of pump 16. Infrared light from the wavelength region in which strong absorption peaks from the impurity can be obtained are oscillated from the diode laser 1, and a derivative absorption spectrum is measured by passing the infrared rays through sample cell 5 and reference cell 8 which is filled with the impurity alone. The spectrum for the gas to be measured and the spectrum for the impurity alone are compared, and the impurity is identified by confirming a plurality of absorption peaks originating from the impurity. Determination of the impurity is then carried out from absorption intensity of the strongest peak. In the case where molecules of the gaseous impurity form clusters in the gas to be measured, analysis is carried while dissociating the clusters by irradiating light having a photon energy of 0.5 eV or greater. The present invention is particularly suitable for carrying out analysis of trace quantities of impurities present in the gases which are used as materials for semiconductor manufacturing.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / JP95 / 00523 Sec。 371日期：1995年11月20日 102（e）1995年11月20日日期PCT 1995年3月22日PCT公布。 公开号WO95 / 26497 日期：1995年10月5日本发明涉及通过使用二极管激光器的红外光谱分析来测量要测量的气体中的微量浓度的杂质的装置和方法。 为了以高灵敏度和高精度进行分析，将待测量的气体引入样品池5中，并通过泵16置于低压状态。来自波长区域的红外光来自 可以获得从二极管激光器1振荡的杂质，并且通过使红外线通过单独填充有杂质的样品池5和参考电池8来测量衍生吸收光谱。 比较待测气体的光谱和单独的杂质的光谱，通过确认源自杂质的多个吸收峰来鉴定杂质。 然后从最强峰的吸收强度进行杂质测定。 在气体杂质的分子在待测量的气体中聚集的情况下，通过照射光子能量为0.5eV以上的光来解离簇，进行分析。 本发明特别适用于对用作半导体制造材料的气体中存在的微量杂质进行分析。

公开(公告)号：US4997280A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-05

申请号：US413063

申请日：1989-09-27

Applicant: Karl Norris

Inventor： Karl Norris

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/433

CPC classification number: G01J3/2889 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J2003/2876 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/4738

Abstract: In a spectrophotometric instrument, a system is provided to correct for distortion caused by rapid scanning of the spectrum. In the instrument, photodetectors detect light energy which is scanned through a spectrum at a rapid rate. An amplifier amplifies the output signal generated by the photodetectors. The output signal of the amplifier is sampled at increments and the samples are converted to digital values. A first derivative is determined from the digital values by subtracting from each value the value from the preceding increment. The first derivative values are multiplied times a constant selected to correct for the distortion and the resulting product values are added to the amplitude digital values to provide a set of corrected values representing the intensity detected by the photodetectors.

公开(公告)号：US4759630A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-26

申请号：US891132

申请日：1986-07-31

Applicant: Kunio Yuasa ,  Haruo Sugiyama ,  Masao Nagai ,  Kunihiko Kihara ,  Takao Akaishi ,  Yasushi Tsujihara

Inventor： Kunio Yuasa ,  Haruo Sugiyama ,  Masao Nagai ,  Kunihiko Kihara ,  Takao Akaishi ,  Yasushi Tsujihara

IPC: H01K3/00 ,  G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01N21/67 ,  H01K3/30

CPC classification number: G01J3/2889 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01J3/433

Abstract: The invention is a lamp quality judgement apparatus and judgement method which judge quality by detecting the state of gas sealed in an electric lamp such as a gas-filled incandescent lamp, etc. in which gas with an Argon-Nitrogen mixture as its main component is sealed. More particularly, a lamp in which such gas is sealed is classified as a good product or as a bad product by imposing a high DC voltage or a high AC or pulsed voltage with a comparatively low frequency of 1 kHz or less across the lamp's valve and filament coil to produce discharge and emission, in the lamp, of a light in a wavelength region in the vicinity of 560 nm and judging the radiation state in this 560 nm light spectrum, i.e., the state of discharge in the lamp. The means employed for detecting the light spectrum radiation state include means for judging lamp quality by monitoring the temporal response characteristic in the light spectrum in the 560 nm wavelength region and means for effecting accurate judgement of lamps regardless of variations in the state of discharge in lamps by detecting the difference in intensity of the light spectra of two wavelength regions which are the light spectrum of a 560 nm wavelength region and a light spectrum of a wavelength region other than the 560 nm wavelength region.

Abstract translation: 本发明是一种灯质量判断装置和判断方法，其通过检测以氩氩混合物为主要成分的气体等气体填充白炽灯等电灯的密封状态来判断品质 密封。 更具体地说，这种气体被密封的灯被分类为好的产品，或通过在灯的阀门上施加1kHz或更小的相对较低的频率的高的直流电压或高的交流或脉冲电压来分类为不良产品， 在灯中产生在560nm附近的波长区域中的光的放电和发射，并判断该560nm光谱中的放射状态，即灯中的放电状态。 用于检测光谱辐射状态的手段包括通过监测560nm波长区域中的光谱中的时间响应特性来判断灯泡质量的装置，以及用于对灯进行准确判断的装置，而不管灯的放电状态如何变化 通过检测作为560nm波长区域的光谱和除了560nm波长区域以外的波长区域的光谱的两个波长区域的光谱的强度差。

公开(公告)号：US4591721A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-27

申请号：US659253

申请日：1984-10-10

Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/33 ,  G01J1/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/33 ,  G01J2003/4334

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for detecting the presence and amount of elemental oxygen in a sample cell. The intensity of extreme ultraviolet light passing through the sample cell at a wavelength band overlapping at least one of the Schumann-Runge absorption lines of oxygen is detected and compared with a predetermined non-absorbed condition of the ultraviolet light. The non-absorbed condition may be achieved by narrowing the wavelength band such that the band does not overlap the Schumann-Runge absorption line, or may be achieved by detecting the ultraviolet light passing through a reference cell. Also described is a novel ultraviolet source in which a cold zone captures neutral atoms of the emission gas to reduce the affect of resonance absorption of emitted ultraviolet light by such neutral atoms.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于检测样品池中元素氧的存在和量的方法和装置。 检测穿过样品池的极紫外光的强度，该波长带与氧素的至少一个Schumann-Runge吸收线重叠，并与紫外光的预定非吸收条件进行比较。 非吸收条件可以通过使波长带变窄使得该带不与舒曼 - 朗奇吸收线重叠来实现，或者可以通过检测通过参考电池的紫外光来实现。 还描述了一种新的紫外光源，其中冷区捕获发射气体的中性原子，以减少由这种中性原子发射的紫外光的共振吸收的影响。