Abstract:
A method of use of an ionic liquid for sorption of a gas having an electric multipole moment is provided, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion and a non-aromatic cation. In particular, the electric multipole moment may be an electric dipole moment and/or an electric quadrupole moment. The sorption may be an adsorption or an absorption. The ionic liquid may be a pure ionic liquid, i.e. a liquid substantially only containing anions and cations, while not containing other components, e.g. water. Alternatively a solution containing the ionic liquid and a solvent or further compound, e.g. water, may be used.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von zyklischen Glyzerinace- talen oder zyklischen Glyzerinketalen oder Gemische derselben und zyklischen Glyzerinmonoester- oder monoetheracetale n oder zyklischen Glyzerinmonoester- oder monoetherketalen oder Gemischen derselben durch Umsetzung von Glyzerin bzw. dessen Monoestern oder Monoethern mit Aldehyden oder Ketonen in Gegenwart eines sauren heterogenen Katalysators, wobei die Reaktionskompo- nenten durch intensives Mischen bei einer Temperatur von 10°C bis 30°C zur Re-aktion gebracht werden.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing 1,3-heteroaromatic alkylcarbonates of formula [A] + [R 2 OCO 2 ] - (I), wherein [A] + represents the formula (IIa) or (IIb).
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von quaternären Carbonaten der Formel [A] + [R 2 OCO 2 ] - , in der [A] + für ein quatemäres Ammonium-Kation, ein Phosphonium-Kation, ein Sulfonium-Kation oder ein heteroaromatisches Kation steht, durch Umsetzung eines Amines R 1 R 2 R 3 N der Formel (IIa), eines Phosphines R 1 R 2 R 3 P der Formel (IIb), eines Sulfides R 1 R 2 S der Formel (Hc) oder eines Heteroaromaten der Formel (IId), mit einem Alkyl- und/oder Arylcarbonat der Formel (III): R 1' O(CO)OR 2' , wobei die Reste R 1 , R 1' , R 2 , R 2' , R 3 die in der Beschreibung angegebene Bedeutung haben, in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen einer Lewis-Säure.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Speichermedium sowie ein Verfahren zum Speichern von Wasserstoff. Erfindungsgemäß weist das Speichermedium wenigstens eine hydrierbare, ionische Verbindung auf oder besteht zumindest teilweise aus wenigstens einer hydrierbaren, ionischen Verbindung. Vorzugsweise liegen die ionischen Verbindungen in flüssiger und/oder fester Form vor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing ionic liquids and ionic solids which takes recourse to a novel, especially modular production process. According to the inventive method, those salts from an ionic carbonate, hydrocarbonate or monoalkyl or monoaryl carbonate precursor (cationic synthesis module) are produced that comprise the desired quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium or the analogous quaternary heteroaromatic cation. This precursor can be produced and stored efficiently and with a high degree of purity. The actual process for producing the desired ionic compound, which comprises the introduction of the desired anion, is, unlike generic production processes known so far, flexible, fast and generally applicable. In a preferred embodiment, the carbonate, hydrocarbonate or monoalkyl or monoaryl carbonate anion is completely removed in the form of a gaseous carbon dioxide by reaction with any Bronsted acid (anionic synthesis module) and is replaced by the anion that is conjugated to acid. The invention thus allows the production of a plurality of varied ionic liquids and ionic solids on the basis of any industrially producible ionic precursor in a fast and efficient manner (modular production method). In another embodiment, the same ionic carbonate precursors that comprise the desired quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium, or analogous quaternary heteroaromatic cation are reacted with suitable metal salts (e.g. calcium, strontium, barium, zinc or manganese salts), whereby the carbonate anion of the precursor interacts with the metal cation to give a poorly soluble carbonate (e.g. calcium, strontium, barium, zinc or manganese carbonate) which is then precipitated. The carbonate anion of the ionic precursor is replaced (metathesis reaction) by the anion of the added suitable metal salt (anionic synthesis module) and the desired ionic compound can be isolated by filtration once the poorly soluble carbonates are removed.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a polarized relay having an electromagnet which comprises an exciting coil (2) and a coil core (3) disposed therein. Each end face of the electromagnet bears a permanent magnet (4) which can be displaced along the magnetic axis thereof. The two permanent magnets face the end faces of the electromagnet with like poles. Whilst having a very simple structure with only one exciting coil, this relay is tristable and is suitable in particular for controlling a commutator motor.