Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing 1,3-heteroaromatic hydrogen carbonates of formula (IIIa) and/or (IIIb) and/or 1,3-heteroaromatic carbonates of formula (IVa) and/or (IVb). According to the method, 1,3-heteroaromatic 2-carboxylates of formula (Ia) and/or (Ib) or mixtures of 1,3-heteroaromatic 2-carboxylates and 1,3-heteroaromatic alkyl carbonates and/or 1,3-heteroaromatic aryl carbonates of formula (IIa) and/or (IIb), are hydrolysed with water to form 1,3-heteroaromatic hydrogen carbonates and/or 1,3-heteroaromatic carbonates. Said hydrolysis is carried out in the absence of Brønsted acids or Brønsted-bases.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing 1,3-heteroaromatic alkylcarbonates of formula [A] + [R 2 OCO 2 ] - (I), wherein [A] + represents the formula (IIa) or (IIb).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method which uses magnetic ionic liquids for the liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, or liquid-gas extraction, wherein the partition of the phases occurs in a magnetic field.
Abstract:
The invention relates to two switching devices and a process for external force-actuated driving devices in a motor vehicle, especially windows and sliding roofs. According to the invention, depending on the dynamics and/or degree of displacement of an actuating component (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501), control signals are generated which code the displacement speed and travel, the position, the displacement duration and/or direction of the item to be displaced. The actuating component is in particular an unrestrictedly rotatable component (1, 101, 201, 501) which, during its rotation, generates control signals for an electronic control unit (4, 104). The invention provides two switching devices and a process giving the user the greatest possible control over the displacement of the component concerned.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for operating a steam cycle process which is performed in an apparatus according to the invention, which has an evaporator (1) or steam generator for the evaporation of a liquid working medium (A) and an expander (5), which is lubricated by means of a lubricant, for the performance of mechanical work, the method comprising the following method steps: a) the liquid working medium (A) is fed to the evaporator (1), in which it evaporates and is fed to the expander (5) in the form of steam; b) an ionic liquid (B), which at room temperature forms two liquid phases with the liquid working medium (A), is also fed to the expander (5) as a lubricant; and c) the ionic liquid forming the lubricant for the expander (5) is separated from the working medium (A) upstream of the evaporator (1).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the electrochemical deposition of aluminum, whereby mat or glossy dense aluminum layers can be obtained. The method comprises the following steps: (a) making an electrolytic device available, said device comprising at least one anode and at least one cathode in an electrolytic chamber, (b) electrochemically depositing the aluminum on the at least one cathode of the electrolytic device from an ionic liquid which contains anions and cations, as well as one or more metal salt(s), and one or more additive(s), a current density of at least 50 A/m2 being applied to the at least one cathode.
Abstract:
A method of synthesizing organic molecules is provided, wherein the method comprises providing an electrophilic educt, providing an ionic liquid comprising a carbanion, and synthesizing the organic molecules by mixing the electrophilic educt and the ionic liquid.