Abstract:
This disclosure concerns a graphical display (400) of operational data of a moving mining machine (140). A processor (114) receives terrain information (300) and operational data (500) of the mining machine (140). The operational data (500) is based on the response of the mining machine (140) to terrain variations at the respective geographical locations. The processor (1 14) generates a display comprising a terrain image (402) and a graphical trail (406) representing the travel path on the terrain image (402) based on the operational data. The appearance of the trail (406) is variable along the trail and based on variations in the operational data. The trail (406) in the display (400) is aligned with the terrain image (402) and a user of the display can visually correlate a change in operational data with a geographical location in the terrain.
Abstract:
A molten bath-based process for direct smelting metalliferous material and producing molten metal in a direct smelting vessel that contains a molten bath that has a metal layer that is at least 900 mm deep. The process includes selecting operating parameters of the process so that feed material (solid material and carrier gas) is injected from above the metal layer into the metal layer via at least one solids injection lance with sufficient momentum to penetrate to a depth of at least 100 mm below a nominal quiescent surface of the metal layer to cause upward movement of molten material and gas from the metal layer.
Abstract:
A molten bath-based direct smelting process includes controlling the process conditions in a direct smelting vessel so that molten slag in a molten bath of metal and slag in the vessel has a viscosity in a range of 0.5-5 poise in an operating temperature range for the process.
Abstract:
A method of starting a molten-bath based melting process includes establishing a sufficiently large and stable “hot zone” for ignition of oxygen and coal in a main chamber of a smelting vessel by independent means, i.e. independently of and before supplying cold oxygen and coal into the main chamber.
Abstract:
A process of producing aluminium and aluminium-containing materials from a solid aluminium-containing feed material is disclosed. The process comprises leaching the aluminium-containing feed material with a leach liquor and forming an aqueous solution containing aluminium ions, extracting aluminium ions from the aqueous solution by contacting the aqueous solution with an organic reagent and loading aluminium ions onto the organic reagent and forming an aluminium complex, and recovering aluminium or an aluminium-containing material from the aluminium complex.
Abstract:
A complexing ligand for forming a complex with a cation, the ligand comprising an aromatic component including two or more attachment sites for the cation, an optionally substituted amine, such as an aminoalkylene group, and a hydrocarbon chain of from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in length. The amine component of the ligand is capable of taking on an internal counterion (H+) so that the complex of the target cation and ligand has an overall neutral charge. Such ligands can be used to extract a target cation or cations from an aqueous solution. This has particular application for the separation of aluminium and silicon in aqueous liqors in a Bayer process. The ligand can be a simple compound formed by the Mannich condensation of catechol with formaldehyde and an amine. The ligand may alternatively be a bis-ligand, a polymer or an ion exchange resin. A range of new compounds and intermediates are also described.