Abstract:
A sigma-delta based phase lock loop device is provided that includes a phase frequency detector (PFD), a charge pump and a voltage controlled oscillator. The PFD to receive a reference signal and a feedback signal and to output signals based on a comparison of the reference signal and the feedback signal. The charge pump to output a charge based on the output signals from the PFD. The charge pump including a first current source to apply a fixed amount of current and a second current source to apply a variable amount of current. The voltage controlled oscillator to output a clock signal based on the received charge from the charge pump.
Abstract:
An integrated circuit package includes an inductance loop formed from a connection of lead wires and one or more input/output (I/O) package pins. In one embodiment, the inductance loop is formed from first and second wires which connect a first bonding pad on the integrated circuit chip to a first I/O pin of the package and a third and fourth wires which connect a second bonding pad on the chip to a second I/O pin of the package. To complete the inductor loop, the first and second I/O pins are connected by a third conductor between the pins. The third conductor may include one or more bonding wires and the I/O pins are preferably ones which are adjacent one another. However, the loop may be formed from non-adjacent connections of I/ O pins based, for example, on loop-length requirements, space considerations, and/or other design or functional factors. In another embodiment, connection between the first and second I/O pins is established by making the I/O pins have a unitary construction. In another embodiment, connection between the first and second I/O pins is established by a metallization layer located either on the surface of the package substrate or within this substrate. By forming the inductor loop within the limits of the integrated circuit packag e, a substantial reduction in spacerequirements is realized, which, in turn, promotes miniaturization. Also, the integrated circuit may be implemented in any one of a variety of systems, at least one parameter of which is controll ed by the length of the inductor loop of the package.
Abstract:
A system and method for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of a frequency generator suppresses phase noise and noise generated from mismatches in the internal generator circuits. This is accomplished using a modulation scheme which shifts spurious noise signals outside the loop bandwidth of the generator. When shifted in this manner, the noise signals maybe removed entirely or to any desired degree using, for example, a filter located along the signal path of the generator. In one embodiment, a Sigma-Delta modulator controls the value of a pulse-swallow frequency divider situated along a feedback path of a phase-locked loop to achieve a desired level of noise suppression. In another embodiment, a reference signal input into a phase-locked loop is modulated to effect noise suppression. In another embodiment, the foregoing forms of modulation are combined to accomplish the desired frequency shift. Through these modulation techniques, the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency generator may be substantially improved while simultaneously achieving faster lock times.
Abstract:
A voltage-controlled oscillator (600) including an active oscillator circuit (610), an inductor, and capacitive circuits is disclosed. The capacitive circuits are selectively turned on and off to control the frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator (600). Particularly, the inductor and the capacitors in the capacitive circuits form LC circuits that provide feedback to the active oscillator circuit (610). To avoid damage to the switches in t he capacitive circuits, the capacitive circuits further comprise resistors (622 ). The resistors can be configured in several different ways so that the voltag e- controlled oscillator (600) can have a high degree of reliability, and a wid e tuning range with constant phase noise performance.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a linearization apparatus and method. Preferred embodiments according to the present invention can combine an auxiliary non-linear block (300) to a functional block of a system to increa se linearity of an output signal (520) of the system such as a communication system. System overhead due to the non-linear auxiliary block can be small because of circuit structure, cost and low consumption. Further, the non- linear auxiliary block can be designed so that no feedback path is required. Further preferred embodiments can use a feedback path without loss of stability by using a cancellation apparatus or process based on an averaging detection of the output signal. For example, a feedback loop can detect powe r leakage in a sideband caused by non-linearities of the communication system.
Abstract:
Embodiments of a clock generator and a clock generating method can use a delay locked loop (DLL) In one embodiment, a clock generator can include a first oscillator (XoI) to generate a first clock signal having a frequency corresponding to a control signal, a delay locked loop (100) to generate a second clock signal having a frequency higher than that of the first clock signal, a frequency divider (200) to receive the second clock signal to generate a third clock signal having a frequency lower than that of the second cloc signal, a second oscillator (Xo2) to generate a fourth clock signal and a phase frequency detector (300) to generate the control signal corresponding to a phase difference and/or a frequency difference between the third clock signal and the fourth clock signal
Abstract:
Embodiments of methods, transceiver circuits, and systems can compensate an IQ mismatch (e.g., Tx or Rx) or a carrier leakage using a plurality of local oscillators. One embodiment of a transceiver can include a first up-conversion IQ mixer, a second up-conversion IQ mixer, a first down-conversion IQ mixer with an input to receive an output of the second up-conversion IQ mixer, a second down- conversion IQ mixer with an input to receive an output of the first up-conversion IQ mixer, a first local oscillator to generate a first IQ LO signal for the first up- conversion IQ mixer and the first down-conversion IQ mixer, and a second local oscillator to generate a second IQ LO signal for the second up-conversion IQ mixer and the second down-conversion IQ mixer.
Abstract:
A variable-gain amplifier circuit uses a pair of single-ended operational amplifiers (100, 110) to amplify complementary portions of a differential input signal (IN, INB). By using two single-ended amplifiers (100, 110) instead of a single differential amplifier, linearity is significantly improved. In addition, common mode feedback circuitry is eliminated along with harmonic distortion and other forms of noise which tend to negative affect the quality of the signal output from the circuit.
Abstract:
Embodiments include a serial interface circuit, serial interface method and an apparatus including a serial interface circuit. Embodiments of a serial interface circuit can include a frequency divider implemented by using a counter instead of a PLL. One embodiment of a serial interface circuit can include a data receiver to receive first serial data, a serial-parallel converter to convert the first serial data from the data receiver to first parallel data, a clock receiver to receive a first clock signal having a frequency corresponding to the first serial data, and a frequency divider coupled to the clock receiver to generate a second clock signal having a frequency corresponding to the first parallel data with the first clock signal where the frequency divider is configured with a counter.
Abstract:
A sigma-delta based phase lock loop device is provided that includes a phase frequency detector (PFD), a charge pump and a voltage controlled oscillator. The PDF to receive a reference signal and a feedback signal and to output signals based on a comparison of the reference signal and the feedback signal. The charge pump to output a charge based on the output signals from the PFD. The charge pump including a first current source to apply a fixed amount of current and a second current source to apply a variable amount of current. The voltage controlled oscillator to output a clock signal based on the received charge from the charge pump.