Abstract:
PURPOSE:To obtain a stress image without experience by matching the timing of sampling with the timing at which a tensile and a compressive load are maximum. CONSTITUTION:A detection signal obtained by placing a load on an object body 1 by a loading testing machine 2 is converted by a processing circuit 7 into a temperature signal, which is sent to gates 9a and 9b, which turn on and off with a gate signal from a timing circuit 16. When the temperature signal obtained when the gates 9a and 9b turn on with sampling signals from one-shot circuits 20a and 20b is data in compressive loading and data in tensile loading, outputs of integration circuits 12a and 12b when the timing of sampling coincides with the timing at which loading is maximum are maximum and minimum respectively and the output of a difference detecting circuit 14 is maximum. For the purpose, the phase of sampling is varied gradually and the output of the circuit 14 is monitored to know the timing at which the loading is maximum, thereby matching the timing of the sampling automatically.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To perform accurate imaging in a short time by calculating the difference between temperature in a loaded state and temperature in an unloaded state, and obtaining a position where metal fatigue exceeds the limit and temperature information including information on the degree of fatigue and displaying an image. CONSTITUTION:A scanner 3 loads a body 1 to be inspected with a loading pulse group periodically by a loading device 2. When this point detection is performed, a scan is not made while a loading pulse group is applied; the scanner stops at, for example, the 1st point to read temperature data on the 1st point and moves to and stops at the 2nd point when a next loading pulse group is applied to read temperature data on the 2nd point. Thus, temperature data on points are read by an infrared detector 4 and sent to a computer 7 through an amplifier 5 and an A/D converter 6. The computer 7 averages the data of every point and calculates temperature in the loaded state and temperature in the unloaded state to display the part where metal fatigue exceeds the limit and its degree on a CRT9 in a short time.
Abstract:
A testing apparatus may include a stand having an aperture and a platform adjacent to the aperture, a clamp adjacent to the platform and configured to hold a coupon, and an actuator within the aperture. The actuator is configured to impart a first force on the platform and the coupon at a specified frequency. The testing apparatus may also include a displacement sensor adjacent to the stand and configured to measure a displacement of the coupon and circuitry connected to the actuator and the displacement sensor with the circuitry configured to collect data from the actuator and the displacement sensor.
Abstract:
The feature of the system is: fiber optic cables (7, 8) (instead of human sensory receptor) and low cost CMOS or CCD image sensor (9) (which can be found in a conventional webcam, camcorder, digital camera etc.) are used by pairing each pixel (10) of the image sensor (9) with corresponding fiber optic cable (8) which is assured to transfer all light beams to the processor on a single photo frame where the coordinates and the level of displacements are detected precisely by the aid of image processing techniques, in order to provide tactile sensing. The system can work with a computer or it can work individually with an electronically circuit that contains an independent processor.
Abstract:
Measurements are made on a sample (1) to obtain an experimental profile (2) having structural features (3, 4) determined at least in part by the given characteristic and an expected profile (5) calculated for the sample using selected parameters. A degree of smoothing is applied to the experimental profile (2) to reduce the structural features (3,4) thereby producing a smoothed experimental profile (21a) and the same degree of smoothing is applied to the calculated profile (5) to produce a smoothed calculated profile 51a. The smoothed calculated profile (51a) is compared with the smoothed experimental profile (21a) to determine the difference between the smoothed profiles. The calculated profile is then modified by varying at least one of the parameters until the smoothed modified profile fits the smoothed experimental profile. The above steps are then repeated with the modified calculated profile using each time a degree of smoothing less than the previous time so that the structural features return and the final modified calculated profile (5b) provides a desired fit to the experimental profile (2) thereby enabling the given characteristic to be determined from the parameters used for the final modified profile.
Abstract:
An external force is periodically applied to an object to be measured, a two-dimensional surface of the object is resolved and scanned by suitable infrared radiation detection means, and the infrared radiation at the times of maximum and minimum loading by the external force are detected for the respective resolved zones. The difference between the infrared radiation at the maximum and the minimum loading times is then calculated for every resolved zone. Further, the calculated values are multiplied by correction values corresponding to the shape, material, infrared radiation rate and so forth of the object. The thus obtained values are suitably visibly indicated in the positions of the respective zones. This indication is ordered by suitably slicing the levels of the thus obtained values to identify and display them in accordance with an ordering scheme.
Abstract:
Provided is a mechanoluminescent material which can radiate near-infrared light. The mechanoluminescent material includes an aluminate co-doped with Eu 2+ , Cr 3+ , and an ion or ion cluster of at least any one rare earth metal element selected from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu. In addition, in the mechanoluminescent material, the aluminate is an aluminate represented by Formula MAl 2 O 4 (provided that, M is any of Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) and Eu 2+ , Cr 3+ , and the ion or ion cluster of a rare earth metal element are co-doped at a concentration at which M in the aluminate is substituted by from 0.25 to 10%. [Selected Drawing] Figure 7