Abstract:
A process and device are disclosed for detecting stresses in an energy-absorbing solid body. The surface of the solid body is excited by intensity-modulated, energy-carrying radiation. The intensity and/or phase offset with respect to the modulation frequency of the solid body energy response are measured then compared to the intensity and/or phase curve of a standard solid body made of the same material. This comparison allows the presence of stresses at the tested point in the solid body to be determined.
Abstract:
A force and torque converter (1) is provided that senses force and torque applied to the device (1). The converter (1) includes a base (10), a grip (9), resilient connection members (2, 4, 6) that extend radially and coplanarly from a central hub (8), located within the grip (9), and that connect to the grip, and sensing mechanisms to sense the displacement of the connection members (2, 4, 6). The displacements are resolved to determine the force and torque that is applied to the device (1), with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system.
Abstract:
Prism-coupling systems and methods for characterizing large depth-of-layer waveguides formed in glass substrates are disclosed. One method includes making a first measurement after a first ion-exchange process that forms a deep region and then performing a second measurement after a second ion-exchange process that forms a shallow region. Light-blocking features are arranged relative to the prism to produce a mode spectrum where the contrast of the mode lines for the strongly coupled low-order modes is improved at the expense of loss of resolution for measuring characteristics of the shallow region. Standard techniques for determining the compressive stress, the depth of layer or the tensile strength of the shallow region are then employed. A second measurement can be made using a near-IR wavelength to measure characteristics of the deeper, first ion-exchange process. Systems and methods of measuring ion-exchanged samples using shape control are also disclosed.
Abstract:
In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods of detecting strain associated with an object by: (1) irradiating a composition that has been applied to the object, where the composition comprises semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes; (2) measuring an emission from the irradiated composition, where the emission comprises near infrared emission; and (3) correlating the near infrared emission to the presence or absence of strain associated with the object. In some embodiments, the aforementioned steps occur without physically contacting the object or the composition. In some embodiments, the aforementioned steps occur without utilizing Raman spectroscopy. Further embodiments of the present invention also include a step of applying the composition to the object.