Abstract:
Methods, compositions, systems, apparatuses and kits comprising modified proteins, particularly modified nucleic acid-binding proteins with altered buffering properties are provided. For example, in some embodiments, methods of forming modified proteins including one or more amino acid modifications to achieve desired pKa values are described. Furthermore, the invention provides methods for using such modified proteins in ion-producing reactions, such as ion-based nucleic acid sequencing reactions.
Abstract:
The invention provides apparatuses and methods of use thereof for sequencing nucleic acids subjected to a force, and thus considered under tension. The methods may employ but are not dependent upon incorporation of extrinsically detectably labeled nucleotides.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatuses relating to large scale FET arrays for analyte detection and measurement are provided. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes.
Abstract:
The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for performing rapid DNA sequencing, such as genomic sequencing, is provided herein. The method includes the steps of preparing a sample DNA for genomic sequencing, amplifying the prepared DNA in a representative manner, and performing multiple sequencing reaction on the amplified DNA with only one primer hybridization step.
Abstract:
The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays and combinatorial chemistry. The device can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged on a microfabricated substrate such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the field of fluid dynamics. More specifically, this invention relates to methods and apparatus for conducting densely packed, independent chemical reactions in parallel in a substantially two-dimensional array. Accordingly, this invention also focuses on the use of this array for applications such as DNA sequencing, most preferably pyrosequencing, and DNA amplification.
Abstract:
Disclosed are nucleic acid probe arrays and methods of identifying and sequencing nucleic acids in a population of nucleic acids using the arrays. The method is preferably performed by annealing a nucleic acid template to an anchor primer attached to a durface of the array. At least one anchor in the array has a sequence complementary to sequences at the 5' and 3' termini of a target nucleic acid.The annealed linear target nucleic acid is circularized using one or two ligation reactions. In one embodiment, one liggation is issued. Annealing of of the linear nucleic acid results in juxtaposition of the 5' and 3' termini of the target nucleic acid on the anchor primer. Addition of a ligase results in circulization of the target nucleic acid. This circularized nucleic acid is a template for extension of the anchor primer in a rolling circle amplification reaction. An extended anchor primer containing multiple copies of a sequence complementary to the circular mucleic acid is also referred to herein as a anchor primer nucleid acid-nucleic acid concatamer. The presence of multiple copies of the complementary sequence facilitates detection of the nucleic acid. Thus, the method provides for a highly sensitive method of detecting a desired nucleic acid attached at a discrete location on the array.