Abstract:
A digital FM demodulator and method for determining phase changes in highly oversampled complex FM digital signals is described. In a first embodiment the FM signal is oversampled with respect to the frequency of its associated modulating signal. In this embodiment a first digital processing stage delays and conjugates the original FM signal. This delayed conjugated original FM signal is then multiplied with the original FM signal to generate a second signal that represents the changes in the phase between samples of the original FM signal. A second processing stage then delays and conjugates the second signal. The delayed conjugated second signal is then multiplied with the original second signal to generate a third signal that represents changes in the phase between samples of the second signal. The imaginary component of the third signal is passed through a digital integrator which outputs the phase changes of the original FM signal. In a second embodiment, the highly oversampled signal is oversampled with respect to the deviation frequency of its associated modulating signal. In this embodiment the center frequency of the original FM signal is frequency shifted to approximately zero frequency. This frequency shifted signal is then delayed and conjugated. The delayed conjugated shifted signal is then multiplied with the original frequency shifted signal; yielding an output signal where the imaginary portion of the output signal is equal to the phase changes of the original FM signal.
Abstract:
The present invention is an improvement of a digital topology including a logic block portion and a buffer portion. The improved buffer portion of the present invention is implemented with first and second parallel, same conductivity type transmission gates. The transmission gates couple either a first (V1) or second (V2) voltage onto the output of the buffer (55) in response to a logic signal originating from the logic block portion. The first (V1) and second (V2) voltages are selected to be relatively close in magnitude such that the peak-to-peak voltage of the digital output signal seen on the output of the buffer is relatively small. As a result, power consumption for charging the output of the buffer is minimized. In addition, the parallel transmission gates only consume power while charging the output of the buffer so that quiescent power consumption of the buffer is eliminated. Quiescent power dissipation is also eliminated in certain types of logic block designs that include logic gates having constant current sources. This is achieved by enabling the current sources with a pulse signal. The pulse width and magnitude of the pulse signal is selected to allow a latched sense amplifier to sense valid data from the output of the logic block portion during a specified interval. After valid data is sensed, the logic blocks's current sources are disabled, and the logic block portion no longer consumes any power. The sense amplifier is enabled for intervals long enough to capture the data from the logic block and drive the transmission gates with the data. In this configuration, none of the elements in the topology dissipate quiescent power since none of them are constantly operating.
Abstract:
An improvement for reducing proximity effects comprised of additional lines, referred to as intensity leveling bars, into the mask pattern. The leveling bars perform the function of adjusting the edge intensity gradients of isolated edges in the mask pattern, to match the edge intensity gradients of densely packed edges. Leveling bars are placed parallel to isolated edges such that intensity gradient leveling occurs on all isolated edges of the mask pattern. In addition, the leveling bars are designed to have a width significantly less than the resolution of the exposure tool. Therefore, leveling bars that are present in the mask pattern produce resist patterns that completely developed away when a nominal exposure energy is utilized during exposure of photoresist.
Abstract:
Closed system and process for the conversion of gaseous or a vaporizable organic and/or organo-metallic compound to inert solid which is resistant to solvent extraction, and is itself essentially nontoxic or convertible through oxidation or other natural processes to a toxic material. This process involves a low temperature, low energy conversion, in a close system, of an organic and/or organo-metallic material by initially fragmenting such material into its basic elements followed thereafter by randomly recombining such elements as a solid coating or deposit upon a substrate. In the preferred embodiments of this invention, the toxic and/or potentially toxic material is injected as a gaseous phase into a chamber (21) where it is subjected to an RF energy source (35), thereby forming a plasma which is contained within the chamber by a magnetic field produced by magnets (39) and (41). The chamber (21), as well as, the other components of the conversion system (25, 23) are maintained under a negative pressure through use of vacuum pump (45). This allows for the transport of the plasma throughout the system to a second chamber (23) where the elements of the plasma can recombine in a random fashion. The recombination of these elements as a solid allows for ease of handling and prevents their release into the atmosphere or ground water. Compounds which can be subjected to this process include chlorinatehydrocarbons i.e., methylenechloride, carbontetrachloride and chlorofluocarbons (i.e. Freons).
Abstract:
Systems and methods for determining turbine engine system stability encompass measuring or otherwise determining values of performance parameters, storing a data set of such values in memory, generating a stability indicator, and displaying the stability indicator on an operator interface. The stability indicator is generated by a processor operating in data communication with the computer memory, utilizing customized software algorithms to remove high frequency components, apply an adaptive filter to adjust selected parameters according to a target value of a selected target parameter, and apply a stochastic filters to estimate true values of the selected parameters, based on the remaining variation.
Abstract:
Expandably wide operations are disclosed in which operands wider than the data path between a processor and memory are used in executing instructions. The expandably wide operands reduce the influence of the characteristics of the associated processor in the design of functional units performing calculations, including the width of the register file, the processor clock rate, the exception subsystem of the processor, and the sequence of operations in loading and use of the operand in a wide cache memory.
Abstract:
A programmable processor and method for improving the performance of processors by expanding at least two source operands, or a source and a result operand, to a width greater than the width of either the general purpose register or the data path width. The present invention provides operands which are substantially larger than the data path with of the processor by using the contents of a general purpose register to specify a memory address at which a plurality of data path widths of data can be read or written, as well as the size and shape of the operand. In addition, several instructions and apparatus for implementing these instructions are described which obtain performance advantages if the operands are not limited to the width and accessible number of general purpose registers.
Abstract:
A control and distribution system provides electrical power distribution, audio signal distribution, and control signal distribution to one or more audio components, such as a powered loudspeaker element or a signal conditioning device such as a rack-mounted amplifier. Embodiments allow for the monitoring and/or control of parameters and/or components at or near the endpoint of the system. These parameters or components include low-level parameters associated with the external audio devices, as opposed to merely higher level parameters of the system. The control and distribution system may include an uninterrupted power source for providing power in an online or offline mode to selected components of the external audio devices. In some embodiments, online backup power is provided to low-power components without providing power to amplifiers within the external audio devices.
Abstract:
Expandably wide operations are disclosed in which operands wider than the data path between a processor and memory are used in executing instructions. The expandably wide operands reduce the influence of the characteristics of the associated processor in the design of functional units performing calculations, including the width of the register file, the processor clock rate, the exception subsystem of the processor, and the sequence of operations in loading and use of the operand in a wide cache memory.
Abstract:
A matrix or array of elongated tubular members, each member being formed by spirally winding a piece or pieces of material into a generally cylindrical shape, wherein the matrix or array is mounted in an airflow to reduce the noise associated with and/or produced by the airflow.