Abstract:
The present invention relates to a dispersion of an active agent, which includes a multiphase system of an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The agent, preferably poorly water soluble, possesses surface active properties and itself serves as a dispersantor a stabilizer for the dispersion. The dispersion is suitable for pharmaceutical, veterinary, cosmetic, and agricultural applications, and is suitable for in vivo delivery, particularly by parenteral routes.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a reference electrode solution containing ammonium salts and phosphonium salts for the potentiometric measurement of pH and method of using the same. The use of the ammonium salts and the phosphonium salts to replace potassium chloride or sodium chloride as reference electrolytes in a standard reference electrode minimizes the formation of precipitates in sample solutions containing cation-sensitive compounds. Disruption of ion flow through the reference electrode is eliminated, and accurate pH measurements may be obtained in solutions that contain compounds having a strong affinity for hard cations.
Abstract:
The present invention is concerned with delivering a pharmaceutical composition to the brain of a mammalian subject for treating brain diseases or disorders. The process includes the steps of: (i) providing a dispersion of the pharmaceutical composition as particles having an average particle size of from about 150 nm to about 100 microns, and (ii) administering the dispersion to the mammalian subject for delivery to the brain of a portion of the pharmaceutical composition by cells capable of reaching the brain. The dispersion of the pharmaceutical composition as particles, for example, can be phagocytized or adsorbed by the cells prior or subsequent to administration into the mammalian subject. The dispersion of the pharmaceutical composition can be administered to the central nervous system or the vascular system. After administration, the loaded cells transport the pharmaceutical composition as particles into the brain.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for preparing a suspension of a pharmaceutically-active compound, the solubility of which is greater in a water-miscible first organic solvent than in a second solvent which is aqueous. The process includes the steps of : (i) dissolving a first quantity of the pharmaceutically-active compound in the water-miscible first organic solvent to form a first solution ; (ii) mixing the first solution with the second solvent to precipitate the pharmaceutically-active compound ; and (iii) seeding the first solution or the second solvent or the presuspension.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a composition of a stable suspension of a poorly water soluble pharmaceutical agent or cosmetic in the form of particles of the pharmaceutical agent or cosmetic suspended in a frozen aqueous matrix and method for its preparation. The composition is stable for a prolonged period of time, preferably six months or longer and is suitable for parenteral, oral, or non-oral routes such as pulmonary (inhalation), ophthalmic, or topical administration.
Abstract:
Método para preparar partículas de tamaño submicrométrico de un compuesto farmacéuticamente activo cuya solubilidad es mayor en un primer disolvente miscible en agua que en un segundo disolvente que es acuoso, comprendiendo el proceso las etapas de: (i) disolver el compuesto farmacéuticamente activo en el primer disolvente miscible en agua para formar una solución, seleccionándose el primer disolvente de entre el grupo formado por N-metil-2-pirrolidinona, 2- pirrolidona, sulfóxido de dimetilo, dimetilacetamida, ácido láctico, metanol, etanol, isopropanol, 3- pentanol, n-propanol, glicerina, butilenglicol, etilenglicol, propilenglicol, monoglicéridos mono- y di-acilados, isosorbido de dimetilo, acetona, dimetilformamida, 1, 4-dioxano, acetato de etilo, acetato de propilo, polietilenglicol, polietilenglicol ésteres, sorbitanos de polietilenglicol, monoalquil polietilenglicol éteres, polipropilenglicol, alginato de polipropileno, propilenglicol 10 butanodiol, propilenglicol 10 metilglucosa éter, propilenglicol 20 metilglucosa éter, propilenglicol 15 estearil éter, dicaprilato de propilenglicol, dicaprato de propilenglicol, laurato de propilenglicol; (ii) mezclar la solución con el segundo disolvente para definir una presuspensión; y (iii) añadir energía a la presuspensión para formar partículas que tengan un tamaño de partícula medio efectivo inferior a aproximadamente 2 ìm, y dicha etapa de adición de energía comprende homogeneización, homogeneización por flujo a contracorriente, microfluidización o sonicación.