公开(公告)号：US06298179B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-02

申请号：US09205857

申请日：1998-12-04

Applicant: Osamu Nishikawa ,  Kunio Nakajima

Inventor： Osamu Nishikawa ,  Kunio Nakajima

IPC: G02B626

CPC classification number: H01J1/34 ,  H01J2201/317

Abstract: A simplified field emission type light-to-current converter having a high sensitivity and high-speed response (on the order of picoseconds) which obtains a large field emission current comprises an optical pumping field emission type light-to-current converter. In one embodiment, the optical pumping field emission type light-to-current converter includes an optical waveguide through which light may be propagated, a conductive transparent film, one of a semiconductor material and an insulating material, and a conductor. The waveguide, conductive transparent film, and insulator or semiconductor are joined to each other such that when light is projected through the waveguide and a bias voltage is applied across the conductive transparent film and the conductor, a field emission current is obtained. A light emission side of the optical wave guide material is in contact with the transparent conductive film and may be provided with a sharpened end portion or a plurality of needle-like projections formed therein.

Abstract translation: 具有获得大的场致发射电流的高灵敏度和高速响应（大约为皮秒）的简化场发射型光电转换器包括光泵浦场发射型光电转换器。 在一个实施例中，光泵浦场发射型光电转换器包括可以传播光的光波导，导电透明膜，半导体材料和绝缘材料之一以及导体。 波导管，导电透明膜和绝缘体或半导体彼此接合，使得当光通过波导投影并且在导电透明膜和导体之间施加偏置电压时，获得场致发射电流。 光波导材料的光出射侧与透明导电膜接触，并且可以在其中形成有锐化的端部或多个针状突起。

公开(公告)号：US5962961A

公开(公告)日：1999-10-05

申请号：US968267

申请日：1997-11-12

Applicant: Iwao Sakai ,  Tokuo Mizuno

Inventor： Iwao Sakai ,  Tokuo Mizuno

IPC: H01J37/073 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J1/16

CPC classification number: H01J1/304 ,  H01J2201/317 ,  H01J2237/06316

Abstract: There is disclosed a long-lived thermal field emission electron gun for use in a scanning electron microscope. The gun has a tungsten tip. The surface of this tip is coated with zirconium, zirconium oxide, titanium or titanium oxide. A wire member is mounted above the front end of the tungsten tip to prevent the coating of zirconium or other material from slipping off.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于扫描电子显微镜的长寿命热场发射电子枪。 枪有钨尖。 该尖端的表面涂覆有锆，氧化锆，钛或氧化钛。 线材构件安装在钨尖端的前端上方，以防止锆或其他材料的涂层脱落。

公开(公告)号：US5764004A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-09

申请号：US808177

申请日：1997-02-28

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H01J1/304 ,  H01J9/02 ,  H01J29/04 ,  G09G3/10

CPC classification number: H01J29/04 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J9/022 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01J2201/317 ,  H01J2237/3146 ,  H01J2329/00

Abstract: Method and apparatus are presented for the generation, regeneration, and transplantation of field enhancing whiskers to provide for an improved cathode in flat panel displays in particular, and in other applications. Such applications comprise devices in which there is an emissive cathode structure for producing electrons. There are clear advantages for the instant invention in the case of a flat panel display which requires a relatively large cathode area, because the present invention avoids excessive power loss due to radiation and conduction loss by permitting operation of the cathode at a significantly lower temperature than if it operated solely as a thermionic emitter. The combination of moderately elevated temperature and enhanced electric field allows the advantages of thermo-field assisted emission.

Abstract translation: 提出了用于产生，再生和移植场增强晶须的方法和装置，以在平板显示器，特别是在其它应用中提供改进的阴极。 这种应用包括其中存在用于产生电子的发射阴极结构的装置。 在本发明的平板显示器需要相对较大的阴极面积的情况下，本发明具有明显的优点，因为本发明通过允许阴极以比显着更低的温度操作来避免由于辐射和传导损耗而导致的功率损耗过大 如果它仅作为热离子发射器运行。 中等温度和增强电场的组合允许热场辅助发射的优点。

公开(公告)号：US5763880A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-09

申请号：US610489

申请日：1996-03-04

Applicant: Hidetoshi Nisiyama ,  Masakuni Okamoto ,  Hiroyuki Shinada ,  Katsuhiro Kuroda

Inventor： Hidetoshi Nisiyama ,  Masakuni Okamoto ,  Hiroyuki Shinada ,  Katsuhiro Kuroda

IPC: H01J1/304 ,  H01J37/06 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J3/02

CPC classification number: H01J37/073 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J2201/30426 ,  H01J2201/317 ,  H01J2237/06316

Abstract: A cathode (e.g., a Schottky emission cathode) having an electron emitter of a tungsten single-crystal with a sharp point, and a heater connected to the electron emitter to heat it. The work function of the crystal face of the point of the electron emitter is reduced by providing adsorbed thereon a nitride of Zr, Ti, Y, Nb, Sc, V or La, or an oxide of Y, Sc, V or La. The nitride or oxide can be formed as a reservoir on the heater (from where it thermally diffuses to the point), or chemically adsorbed on the point. For forming the nitride or oxide on the point, the metal forming the nitride or oxide can be provided on the point and reacted with nitrogen or oxygen thereat to form the nitride or oxide; to provide the metal on the point, the metal forming the nitride or oxide can either be evaporated onto the point, or can form a reservoir on the heater and thermally diffuse therefrom to the point. The effect of reducing the work function results in a cathode having a narrow FWHM (full width at half maximum) of emission electrons and a high current density.

Abstract translation: 具有具有尖锐点的钨单晶的电子发射体的阴极（例如，肖特基发射阴极）和连接到电子发射器以加热它的加热器。 通过在其上吸附Zr，Ti，Y，Nb，Sc，V或La的氮化物或Y，Sc，V或La的氧化物，可以减少电子发射体点的晶面的功函数。 氮化物或氧化物可以形成为加热器上的储存器（从其热扩散到该点）或化学吸附在该点上。 为了在该点上形成氮化物或氧化物，形成氮化物或氧化物的金属可以在该点上提供并在其上与氮气或氧气反应以形成氮化物或氧化物; 为了在该点上提供金属，形成氮化物或氧化物的金属可以蒸发到点上，或者可以在加热器上形成储存器，并从其中散射到该点。 降低功函数的效果导致发射电子具有窄FWHM（半高全宽）和高电流密度的阴极。

公开(公告)号：US5536944A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-16

申请号：US424097

申请日：1995-04-19

Applicant: Katsuyoshi Tsunoda ,  Yoshinori Terui

Inventor： Katsuyoshi Tsunoda ,  Yoshinori Terui

IPC: H01J1/304 ,  H01J3/02 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J1/30 ,  H01J1/48

CPC classification number: H01J3/021 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J2201/317 ,  H01J2237/06316

Abstract: A thermal field emission electron gun has a thermal field emission cathode and a suppressor electrode wherein the thermal field emission cathode comprises a single crystal tungsten needle of an axis direction of and a coating layer composed of zirconium and oxygen, and the suppressor electrode is composed of either titanium or an alloy including titanium as the major component, of which hydrogen content is 60 ppm or less. Electron beams can be stably obtained with good reproducibility in a short time.

Abstract translation: 热场发射电子枪具有热场发射阴极和抑制电极，其中热场发射阴极包括轴向<100>的单晶钨针和由锆和氧组成的涂层，抑制电极 由钛或包含钛作为主要成分的合金构成，其氢含量为60ppm以下。 可以在短时间内以良好的再现性稳定地获得电子束。

公开(公告)号：US5041724A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-20

申请号：US419458

申请日：1989-10-10

Applicant: Hans-Peter Feuerbaum ,  Jurgen Frosien

Inventor： Hans-Peter Feuerbaum ,  Jurgen Frosien

IPC: H01J37/06 ,  H01J37/073

CPC classification number: H01J37/073 ,  H01J2201/317

Abstract: In modern electron beam measuring devices the thermal La/B6 or field emission source is replaced by a photocathode acted upon by a pulsed laser beam. Since the width of photoelectron pulses corresponds approximately to the width of the laser pulses, theses devices are particularly suitable for stroboscopic measurements in fast gallium arsenide circuits. The expenditure on apparatus for generating the photoelectron pulses is considerable since means for doubling the frequency of the primary laser light are necessary. It is therefore proposed to irradiate the cathode of the electron beam measuring device with photons of energy E.sub.Ph

Abstract translation: 在现代电子束测量装置中，热La / B6或场发射源被由脉冲激光束作用的光电阴极替代。 由于光电子脉冲的宽度大致对应于激光脉冲的宽度，所以这些装置特别适用于快速砷化镓电路中的频闪测量。 用于产生光电子脉冲的装置的费用是相当大的，因为需要使一次激光的频率倍增的手段。 因此，建议用能量为EPh

公开(公告)号：US4868380A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-19

申请号：US163347

申请日：1988-03-02

Applicant: Richard A. Booman ,  Stephen F. Blazo

Inventor： Richard A. Booman ,  Stephen F. Blazo

IPC: G01J1/02 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J43/06

CPC classification number: H01J43/06 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J2201/317 ,  H01J2201/3423

Abstract: An optical waveguide photocathode for converting optical signals to electrical signals has an optical waveguide, a semiconductor covering the end of the optical waveguide, a first transparent electrode disposed between the end of the waveguide and the semiconductor, and a second electrode disposed adjacent to and spaced from the semiconductor. An electric potential is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. The waveguide, first conductor, and semiconductor are relatively pointed at the end to produce high electric field strength at the semiconductor thereby enabling semiconductors with high work functions to be used. The relatively small area of the semiconductor illuminated by the waveguide reduces the dark current, making the device more sensitive to low level signals. The device may be used in a streak tube or a photomultiplier.

Abstract translation: 用于将光信号转换为电信号的光波导光电阴极具有光波导，覆盖光波导末端的半导体，设置在波导端与半导体端之间的第一透明电极和邻近并间隔开的第二电极 从半导体。 在第一电极和第二电极之间施加电位。 波导，第一导体和半导体相对尖端在半导体处产生高电场强度，从而使得能够使用具有高功函数的半导体。 由波导照明的半导体的相对小的面积减小了暗电流，使得器件对低电平信号更敏感。 该装置可以用于条形管或光电倍增管。