公开(公告)号：US4703228A

公开(公告)日：1987-10-27

申请号：US770386

申请日：1985-08-28

Applicant: William P. West

Inventor： William P. West

IPC: H01J3/02 ,  H01J23/04 ,  H05B37/02 ,  H05B39/04 ,  H05B41/36

CPC classification number: H01J23/04 ,  H01J3/021 ,  H01J2201/342

Abstract: An electron gun for emitting a modulated electron beam. The gun includes an evacuated envelope having an output end with a photocathode positioned in the envelope and responsive to light to emit electrons. An anode is positioned between the photocathode and the output end for accelerating the electrons emitted by the photocathode. The gun further includes a source of potential interconnecting the anode and the photocathode for maintaining the anode electrostatically positive relative to the photocathode. A first laser provides a first laser beam at a first frequency illuminating the photocathode, and a second laser provides a second laser beam at a second frequency illuminating the photocathode at the same time. The first frequency differs from the second frequency by a beat frequency, whereby the photocathode provides the electron beam with the electrons spacially bunched in accordance with the beat frequency. A method of providing a modulated electron beam is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 一种用于发射调制电子束的电子枪。 枪包括具有输出端的抽真空的外壳，光电阴极定位在外壳中并且响应于光发射电子。 阳极位于光电阴极和输出端之间，用于加速由光电阴极发射的电子。 枪还包括将阳极和光电阴极相互连接的电位源，用于相对于光电阴极静电地保持阳极。 第一激光器以照射光电阴极的第一频率提供第一激光束，第二激光器以同时照射光电阴极的第二频率提供第二激光束。 第一频率与第二频率不同于拍频，由此光电阴极根据拍频提供电子束与电子空间聚束。 还公开了一种提供调制电子束的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4184069A

公开(公告)日：1980-01-15

申请号：US891107

申请日：1978-03-28

Applicant: David A. Bosserman

Inventor： David A. Bosserman

IPC: H01J31/12 ,  H01J31/50 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J31/26

CPC classification number: H01J31/507 ,  H01J31/127 ,  H01J2201/342

Abstract: Minature video-type display comprised of an otherwise normal microchannel ate (MCP) image intensifier wafer tube which uses, instead of the normal input faceplate having a uniform photocathode, a video-driven one-dimensional electroluminescent array on the output surface thereof and an orthogonal one-dimensional photocathode array mounted on the inner surface thereof. The fiber optic faceplate contains vacuum feed-throughs for the cathode array elements.

Abstract translation: 微型视频显示器由另外一般的微通道板（MCP）图像增强器晶片管组成，其代替具有均匀光电阴极的正常输入面板，在其输出表面上使用视频驱动的一维电致发光阵列，并且正交 安装在其内表面上的一维光电阴极阵列。 光纤面板包含用于阴极阵列元件的真空馈通。

公开(公告)号：US3825922A

公开(公告)日：1974-07-23

申请号：US32585273

申请日：1973-01-22

Applicant: PHILIPS CORP

Inventor： RALPH J

IPC: H01J43/24 ,  H01J31/12 ,  H01J31/50 ,  H01J39/18

CPC classification number: H01J31/507 ,  H01J31/127 ,  H01J2201/342

Abstract: Display device comprising a cathode-luminescent layer, a plurality of electron multiplier elements, and a plurality of individually energisable cathodes. The cathodes are photocathodes and an optical feedback path is provided between said luminescent layer and said photo-cathodes through said electron multiplier elements.

Abstract translation: 显示装置包括阴极发光层，多个电子倍增器元件和多个可单独激励的阴极。 阴极是光电阴极，并且通过所述电子倍增器元件在所述发光层和所述光电阴极之间提供光学反馈路径。

公开(公告)号：US3649868A

公开(公告)日：1972-03-14

申请号：US3649868D

申请日：1970-03-26

Applicant: THOMSON CSF

Inventor： BENSUSSAN ANDRE

IPC: H01J3/02 ,  H01J1/46 ,  H01J19/02

CPC classification number: H01J3/021 ,  H01J3/023 ,  H01J2201/342

Abstract: An electron gun comprises a photoemissive source, which is excited by a source of light such as a pulsed laser. This electron emission is amplified by a secondary emission multiplication system comprising a plurality of AC or DC biased dynodes. In the former case the gun envelope forms a resonator cavity.

Abstract translation: 电子枪包括由诸如脉冲激光的光源激发的光发射源。 该电子发射由包括多个AC或DC偏置倍增电极的二次发射倍增系统放大。 在前一种情况下，枪包络形成谐振腔。

公开(公告)号：WO2012126792A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-27

申请号：PCT/EP2012/054511

申请日：2012-03-15

Applicant: ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL) ,  BERNEY, Jean

Inventor： BERNEY, Jean

IPC: H01J37/073 ,  H01J1/34

CPC classification number: G21K5/04 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J2201/342 ,  H01J2237/06333 ,  H01J2237/065

Abstract: A method suitable for preparing a specimen for inspection, the method comprising the steps of: irradiating a photocathode so that the photocathode emits electrons from a surface of the photocathode, wherein the emitted electrons each follow a trajectory, and the trajectories of the electrons are such that they can be extrapolated to intersect at a region within the photocathode, the region defining a virtual source, and wherein the photocathode comprises a rounded tip which has a radius of curvature; configuring the emitted electrons so that they form an electron beam; focusing the electron beam onto a specimen to form an image of the virtual source on the specimen. There is further provided a corresponding electron beam apparatus.

Abstract translation: 一种适于制备用于检查的样品的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：照射光电阴极，使得光电阴极从光电阴极的表面发射电子，其中发射的电子各自遵循轨迹，并且电子的轨迹为 它们可以外推到在光电阴极内的区域相交，所述区域限定虚拟源，并且其中所述光电阴极包括具有曲率半径的圆形尖端; 配置发射的电子，使它们形成电子束; 将电子束聚焦到样本上以形成样本上的虚拟源的图像。 还提供了相应的电子束装置。

公开(公告)号：WO1996002059A1

公开(公告)日：1996-01-25

申请号：PCT/US1995008625

申请日：1995-07-11

Applicant: PHOTOELECTRON CORPORATION

Inventor： PHOTOELECTRON CORPORATION ,  SMITH, Donald, O. ,  SLISKI, Alan, P. ,  HARTE, Kenneth, J.

IPC: G21K05/00

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  A61N2005/1005 ,  G21K5/04 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/30 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2201/342 ,  H05G1/06 ,  H05G1/10 ,  H05G1/32 ,  H05G1/34

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an x-ray source (10) for irradiating a surface defining a body cavity. The source comprises a housing (12), an elongated tubular probe (14), a target assembly (26), and an inflatable balloon (410). The housing (12) encloses an electron beam source (22) and includes elements (23) for generating an electron beam along a beam path. The tubular probe (14) extends along a central axis from the housing (12) about the beam path. The target assembly (26) extends along the central axis and is coupled to the probe distal end. The target assembly (26) includes a target element (26A, 26B) adapted to emit x-rays in response to electrons incident thereon. The probe tip assembly and associated control electronics include elements for positioning the target element in the beam path, and is substantially x-ray transparent. The balloon (410) affixed to the distal end is inflatable so as to be inflated to stretch the cavity to a shape, thus allowing a uniform delivery of dose of radiation to the surface defining a body cavity.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于照射限定体腔的表面的X射线源（10）。 源包括壳体（12），细长管状探针（14），目标组件（26）和可充气球囊（410）。 壳体（12）包围电子束源（22）并且包括用于沿着光束路径产生电子束的元件（23）。 管状探针（14）沿着中心轴线从壳体（12）围绕光束路径延伸。 目标组件（26）沿着中心轴线延伸并且联接到探针远端。 目标组件（26）包括适于响应于入射到其上的电子发射X射线的目标元件（26A，26B）。 探针头组件和相关联的控制电子器件包括用于将目标元件定位在光束路径中的元件，并且基本上是x射线透明的。 固定到远端的气囊（410）是可充气的，以便膨胀以将空腔拉伸成形状，从而允许辐射剂量均匀地传送到限定体腔的表面。

公开(公告)号：WO1995004501A1

公开(公告)日：1995-02-16

申请号：PCT/US1994009023

申请日：1994-08-05

Applicant: PHOTOELECTRON CORPORATION

Inventor： PHOTOELECTRON CORPORATION ,  SMITH, Donald, O. ,  DINSMORE, Mark, T.

IPC: A61B06/00

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  A61N2005/1005 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/30 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2201/342 ,  H05G1/06 ,  H05G1/10 ,  H05G1/32 ,  H05G1/34

Abstract: A method of treating brain tumors in a patient, comprising the steps of: identifying and locating a brain tumor in vivo; implanting at least a portion of an adjustable x-ray source (10A) in the patient proximate to the tumor, where the x-ray source generates an electron beam along a path on or slightly offset from a central axis to an x-ray emitting target element; and controlling the x-ray source (10A) to generate an x-ray pattern to selectively irradiate the tumor. Also disclosed is a method and apparatus for detecting certain x-ray photons generated by the x-ray source and propagating back on a path which is along or slightly offset from the central axis of the implanted radiation source.

Abstract translation: 一种治疗患者脑肿瘤的方法，包括以下步骤：在体内鉴定和定位脑肿瘤; 在靠近肿瘤的患者中植入可调节X射线源（10A）的至少一部分，其中x射线源沿着在中心轴线上或稍微偏离中心轴线的路径产生电子束，发射到X射线 目标元素 以及控制所述X射线源（10A）以产生用于选择性地照射所述肿瘤的x射线图案。 还公开了一种用于检测由x射线源产生的某些x射线光子并在与植入的辐射源的中心轴线沿或稍微偏离的路径上传播的方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：EP2686864A1

公开(公告)日：2014-01-22

申请号：EP12712989.8

申请日：2012-03-15

Applicant: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Inventor： BERNEY, Jean

IPC: H01J37/073 ,  H01J1/34

CPC classification number: G21K5/04 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J2201/342 ,  H01J2237/06333 ,  H01J2237/065

Abstract: A method suitable for preparing a specimen for inspection, the method comprising the steps of: irradiating a photocathode so that the photocathode emits electrons from a surface of the photocathode, wherein the emitted electrons each follow a trajectory, and the trajectories of the electrons are such that they can be extrapolated to intersect at a region within the photocathode, the region defining a virtual source, and wherein the photocathode comprises a rounded tip which has a radius of curvature; configuring the emitted electrons so that they form an electron beam; focusing the electron beam onto a specimen to form an image of the virtual source on the specimen. There is further provided a corresponding electron beam apparatus.

Abstract translation: 一种适于制备用于检查的样本的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：照射光阴极，使得光阴极从光阴极的表面发射电子，其中发射的电子各自遵循轨迹，并且电子的轨迹是这样的 它们可以被外推以在光阴极内的区域相交，该区域限定虚拟源，并且其中光电阴极包括具有曲率半径的圆形尖端; 配置发射的电子以使它们形成电子束; 将电子束聚焦到样本上以形成样本上虚拟源的图像。 还提供了相应的电子束装置。

公开(公告)号：EP0871198A2

公开(公告)日：1998-10-14

申请号：EP98112613.9

申请日：1995-01-19

Applicant: PHOTOELECTRON CORPORATION

Inventor： Dinsmore, Mark T. ,  Harte, Kenneth J. ,  Sliski, Alan P. ,  Smith, Donald O.

IPC: H01J35/32 ,  H01J35/30

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  A61B90/11 ,  A61B2090/101 ,  A61N2005/1005 ,  H01J35/065 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/30 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2201/342 ,  H05G1/06 ,  H05G1/10 ,  H05G1/32 ,  H05G1/34

Abstract: This invention is directed to an x-ray source comprising a housing (12), a power supply (12A), an elongated tubular probe (14), a target assembly (26), and a beam steering assembly (29). The housing encloses an electron beam source (22), and has elements for generating an electron beam along a beam path. The power supply (12A) is programmable to control the voltage, current and timing of assembly (26) extends along the central axis and is adapted for coupling to end of the probe (14) distal from the housing (12). The target assembly (26) includes target element (26A) positioned along the beam path, wherein the target element (26A) is adapted to emit x-rays in a predetermined spectral range in response to incident electrons. The beam steering assembly (29) includes a deflection element (30), a feedback network (31) and a deflection controller (144). The deflection element (30) deflects the beam from a nominal axis to a selected surface region on the target element (26) in response to a deflection control signal. The feedback network (31) includes deflection sensing elements for sensing the deflection of the beam and elements for generating feedback signal representative thereof.

公开(公告)号：EP0869534A2

公开(公告)日：1998-10-07

申请号：EP98112612.1

申请日：1995-01-19

Applicant: PHOTOELECTRON CORPORATION

Inventor： Dinsmore, Mark T. ,  Smith, Donald O.

IPC: H01J35/32 ,  H01J35/30

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  A61B90/11 ,  A61B2090/101 ,  A61N2005/1005 ,  H01J35/065 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/30 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2201/342 ,  H05G1/06 ,  H05G1/10 ,  H05G1/32 ,  H05G1/34

Abstract: This invention is directed to an x-ray source comprising a housing (12), a power supply (12A), an elongated tubular probe (14), a target assembly (26), and a beam steering assembly (29). The housing encloses an electron beam source (22), and has elements for generating an electron beam along a beam path. The power supply (12A) is programmable to control the voltage, current and timing of assembly (26) extends along the central axis and is adapted for coupling to end of the probe (14) distal from the housing (12). The target assembly (26) includes target element (26A) positioned along the beam path, wherein the target element (26A) is adapted to emit x-rays in a predetermined spectral range in response to incident electrons. The beam steering assembly (29) includes a deflection element (30), a feedback network (31) and a deflection controller (144). The deflection element (30) deflects the beam from a nominal axis to a selected surface region on the target element (26) in response to a deflection control signal. The feedback network (31) includes deflection sensing elements for sensing the deflection of the beam and elements for generating feedback signal representative thereof.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种包括壳体（12），电源（12A），细长管状探针（14），目标组件（26）和光束转向组件（29）的x射线源。 壳体包围电子束源（22），并且具有用于沿着光束路径产生电子束的元件。 电源（12A）是可编程的，用于控制组件（26）沿着中心轴线延伸的电压，电流和时序，并且适于与远离壳体（12）的探针（14）的端部耦合。 目标组件（26）包括沿着光束路径定位的目标元件（26A），其中目标元件（26A）适于响应入射电子在预定光谱范围内发射x射线。 光束转向组件（29）包括偏转元件（30），反馈网络（31）和偏转控制器（144）。 偏转元件（30）响应于偏转控制信号将光束从标称轴偏转到目标元件（26）上的选定表面区域。 反馈网络（31）包括用于感测波束偏转的偏转感测元件和用于产生代表其的反馈信号的元件。