Abstract:
The invention relates to a column (1) for thermally treating fluid mixtures, comprising a cylindrical, vertically-aligned column body (2) that forms a column cavity (3) and a vertical inner surface (16), a plurality of trays (8) which are mounted in said column cavity (3) and vertically spaced apart from one another, at least one neck (11) arranged in the column body (2) and extending away from said column body (2), and a closeable inspection opening (9) formed at the neck (11). The claimed column is characterised in that, in a vertical cross-section of the column (1), the surface (15) of the lower intersection line of the neck (11), directed into the column cavity (3), or a tangent to the surface (15) of said lower intersection line of the neck (11), forms, together with the vertical inner surface (16) of the column body (2) which extends downwards from said neck (11), an angle in the range of 210° to 267°, at least in some sections.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a cross-flow base for a material exchange column (27) in which a gas a guided in counterflow to a fluid, wherein the cross-flow base (1) has through openings (3) for the gas and at least two drain shafts (5), wherein the drain shafts (5) project over the upper side of the cross-flow base (1) and a collection cup (13) is arranged underneath each drain shaft (5). The drain shaft (5) projects into the collection cup (13), the minimum horizontal cross-sectional area of the collection cup (13) is 1.2 to 4 times larger than the horizontal cross-sectional area of the drain shaft (5) at the outlet, and the collection cup (13) has a circumferential wall (15) with an overflow device (19). The invention also relates to a material exchange column containing the cross-flow base, and to a use of the material exchange column.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for recovering acrylic acid, having the following steps a) separating a temperature-controlled mother acid stream from a crystallization device in the direction of an absorption column (201) and in the direction of a splitting column (205), b) supplying the first temperature-controlled mother acid sub-stream as a return flow to the top plate of the splitting column (205), c) supplying at least one strip gas stream below the bottom plate of the splitting column (205), d) supplying an auxiliary component stream, which comprises an oligomeric acrylic acid, from the condensation column (201) to a central base of the splitting column (205), e) splitting at least one part of the oligomeric acrylic acid from the auxiliary component stream in the splitting column (205), thereby obtaining monomeric acrylic acid, f) separating the auxiliary components contained in the auxiliary component stream by means of a counter-current rectification process in the splitting column (205), g) discharging the monomeric acrylic acid without condensation as a gas mixture together with the supplied strip circuit gas stream at the head of the splitting column (205), and h) supplying the gas mixture below the bottom plate of the condensation column (201). The invention further relates to a system (1) for recovering acrylic acid.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a reactor system (1) comprising - a reactor (3), - at least one cooler (5) which is connected to the reactor (3), - at least one pump (7) which is connected to the reactor (3) and/or the cooler (5) in order to circulate at least one part of a liquid heat transfer medium (9), and - a container (11) which is connected to the reactor (3) and/or the at least one cooler (5) in order to receive the liquid heat transfer medium (9). The container (11) is arranged below the reactor (3) and/or the at least one cooler (5). The invention further relates to the use of the reactor system (1) according to the invention in order to carry out exothermal reactions.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and a device for mixing a liquid in a substantially sealed container or a mixture of a liquid and a fine-particle solid, said liquid or mixture only partially filling the internal volume of the container that can be occupied by a fluidic phase and the remaining available internal volume of the container being filled by a gaseous phase. According to the invention, the essentially same liquid or mixture is fed to the container in the form of a propelled stream of a suction device that is situated in the liquid or mixture in the container. In its simplest form, the method according to the invention is implemented by means of an ejector (i.e. according to water jet pump principles) embodied as the suction device. The propelled stream is pumped through a propelling nozzle, which is fitted into the ejector in such a way that gas is sucked from the gaseous phase during the passage of the stream through the nozzle, e.g. by means of a riser tube that projects into the gaseous phase of the container, and is released in the form of dispersed gas bubbles, together with the propelled stream, into the liquid content of the storage container.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing water-absorbent resins, wherein a) acrylic acid is produced at an acrylic acid production site, b) the produced acrylic acid is dissolved in water at the acrylic acid production site, thus an aqueous acrylic acid solution is obtained, c) the acrylic acid solution is fed into a pipeline at the acrylic acid production site and is transported through the pipeline to an acrylic acid processing site d) the aqueous acrylic acid solution undergoes a radical polymerization at the acrylic acid processing site. Said method guarantees a save transport of the highly reactive acrylic acid. A threat caused by early polymerization, as with pure acrylic acid, is not possible, as the acrylic acid is 'diluted' due to the aqueous solvent and the specific thermal capacity or the evaporation enthalpy of the water limit the maximum temperature increase. The amount of polymerization inhibitors can be reduced or no polymerization inhibitors have to be used at all. Temperature control of containers, pipe conduits and pipelines, carrying the aqueous acrylic acid solution is not necessary, as the solidification point of the aqueous acrylic acid solution is lower than the one of the anhydrous acrylic acid.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for the rectifying separation of fluids containing (meth)acryl monomers in a rectifying column which comprises at least one sieve tray without a draining segment, the perforations of the sieve tray being arranged in a regular manner.