Abstract:
A photocathode in which the photocathode plate can be securely fixed without using any adhesive. Even under the severe condition that a high vibration resistance is required or thermal stress occurs because of great temperature variation, it can be used widely for an image intensifier, a streak tube, or a photomultiplier. The photocathode plate (16) of the photocathode (10) is sandwiched between a faceplate (11) and a support plate (19). First pins (12, 13) buried in the faceplate (11) are joined to the support plate (19). Therefore the photocathode plate (16) can be readily fixed securely to the faceplate (11) without using any adhesive. An electron tube is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A photoelectric emission surface which is excellent in stability and reproducibility of photoelectric conversion characteristics and has a structure capable of obtaining a high photosensitivity is provided. A predetermined voltage is applied between an upper surface electrode (15) and a lower surface electrode (17) by a battery (18). Upon application of this voltage, a p-n junction formed between a contact layer (14) and an electron emission layer (13) is reversely biased. A depletion layer extends from the p-n junction into the photoelectric emission surface, and an electric field is formed in the electron emission layer and a light absorbing layer (12) in a direction for accelerating photoelectrons. When incident light is absorbed in the light absorbing layer into excite photoelectrons, the photoelectrons are accelerated by the electric field toward the emission surface. The photoelectrons obtain an energy upon this electric field acceleration, and are transited, in the electron emission layer, to a conduction band at a higher energy level, and emitted into a vacuum.
Abstract:
A photomultiplier includes a cathode supporting member, arranged in a tube and comprised of a conductive material, for holding a photocathode, and a holding mechanism, comprised of a heat conductive material, for biasing the cathode holding member to hold it. The holding mechanism is thermally connected to a cooler.
Abstract:
There is disclosed a process for forming a photocathode having high quantum yield which comprises the first step of making a number of fine concavities and convexities (14) in a surface (11) of a substrate (12) finished substantially in a mirror; the second step of blunting the fine concavities and convexities (14); and the third step of coating a photoelectron emissive material (15) on the surface of the substrate (12).
Abstract:
광전 증배관은 반도체 광전 음극 및 포토다이오드를 포함한다. 특히, 포토다이오드는 p-도핑 반도체 층, 다이오드를 형성하기 위해 상기 p-도핑 반도체 층의 제1 표면 상에 형성되는 n-도핑 반도체 층, 및 상기 p-도핑 반도체 층의 제2 표면 상에 형성되는 순수한 붕소 층을 포함한다. 상기 반도체 광전 음극과 상기 포토다이오드 사이의 갭은 약 1 mm 미만이거나 약 500 ㎛ 미만일 수 있다. 반도체 광전 음극은 갈륨 질화물 예를 들면, 하나 이상의 p-도핑 갈륨 질화물 층을 포함할 수 있다. 다른 실시예에서는, 반도체 광전 음극은 실리콘을 포함할 수도 있다. 이 반도체 광전 음극은 적어도 하나의 표면 상에 순수한 붕소 코팅을 더 포함할 수 있다.
Abstract:
A photomultiplier tube includes a semiconductor photocathode and a photodiode. Notably, the photodiode includes a p-doped semiconductor layer, an n-doped semiconductor layer formed on a first surface of the p-doped semiconductor layer to form a diode, and a pure boron layer formed on a second surface of the p-doped semiconductor layer. A gap between the semiconductor photocathode and the photodiode may be less than about 1 mm or less than about 500 μm. The semiconductor photocathode may include gallium nitride, e.g. one or more p-doped gallium nitride layers. In other embodiments, the semiconductor photocathode may include silicon. This semiconductor photocathode can further include a pure boron coating on at least one surface.