Abstract:
A memory cell and memories constructed from that memory cell are disclosed. A memory according to the present invention includes a ferroelectric capacitor, a charge source and a read circuit. The charge source receives a data value to be stored in the ferroelectric capacitor. The charge source converts the data value to a remanent charge to be stored in the ferroelectric capacitor and causes that remanent charge to be stored in the ferroelectric capacitor. The read circuit determines a charge stored in the ferroelectric capacitor. The data value has more than three distinct possible states, and the determined charge has more than three determined values. The memory also includes a reset circuit that causes the ferroelectric capacitor to enter a predetermined known reference state of polarization.
Abstract:
A counter that can include a plurality of count stages is disclosed. Each count stage includes a ferroelectric capacitor characterized by first and second polarization states, a variable impedance element, reset and count ports and a detector. The variable impedance element has an impedance between first and second switch terminals that is determined by a signal on a control terminal, the ferroelectric capacitor being connected between the control terminal and the first switch terminal. A reset signal coupled to the control terminal causes the ferroelectric capacitor to be polarized in the first polarization state. The count port is configured to receive pulses to be counted, the count port being connected to the first switch terminal by a conductive load. The detector generates a count complete signal if a potential on the first terminal exceeds a threshold value while the count port is receiving one of the pulses.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for determining a repeater signal is provided. A method of determining a repeater signal includes: receiving signals from a base station or a repeater and generating sector information and strength information regarding the signals; and determining, using the strength information and the sector information, whether a predicted repeater signal is received via the repeater, depending on whether the signals include a signal received from another sector different from a sector corresponding to the predicted repeater signal, and whether the strength of the predicted repeater signal is greater than a predetermined reference value.
Abstract:
A location based service method and location based service system is provided. The location based service method includes: making requests for position determination of a client terminal according to a first position determination method and a second position determination method, in response to a location based service request; receiving a position determination result according to the first position determination method, and generating first location data including additional information which corresponds to the position determination result according to the first position determination method; providing the client terminal with the first location data; receiving a position determination result according to the second position determination method, and generating second location data, the second location data being refined first location data; and providing the client terminal with the second location data.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a golf club driver head having a Helmholtz resonator that can create sounds at a certain frequency band or various frequency bands by comprising a Helmholtz resonator function in the driver head. The golf club driver head with a Helmholtz resonator includes a cavity that is formed within the golf club driver head so as to be used as a Helmholtz resonator; and a head neck that is formed on an upper face or a lower face of the driver head so that the cavity is connected to the outside.
Abstract:
A method of determining a location of a mobile communication terminal, the method including: receiving base station identification signals from a plurality of base stations; calculating distance ratios between the plurality of base stations and the mobile communication terminal, from the received base station identification signals; generating first variables and second variables from the distance ratios; and determining the location of the mobile communication terminal from the first variables and the second variables is provided.
Abstract:
A ferroelectric memory cell (200) for storing information. The information is stored in the remnant polarization of a ferroelectric dielectric layer (213) by setting the direction of the remnant polarization. The ferroelectric memory cell (200) is designed to store the information at a temperature less than a first temperature. The memory cell (200) includes top and bottom contacts that sandwich the dielectric layer (213) which includes a ferroelectric material having a Curie point greater than the first temperature and less than 400 degrees C. The dielectric layer (213) is encapsulated in an oxygen impermeable material such that the encapsulating layer (221) prevents oxygen from entering or leaving the dielectric layer (213). One of the contacts typically includes a platinum electrode (210). The other contact may include a similar electrode or a semiconductor layer having electrodes spaced apart thereon.
Abstract:
The sensing array (10) detects an image by measuring the changes in the dielectric constant of individual capacitors in a rectangular array of capacitors (30-38). The present invention avoids the use of isolation transistors to eliminate the effects of other capacitors in the array when measuring the capacitance of a given capacitor in the array. During the measurement of any given capacitor in the array (10) the present invention maintains a zero potential difference across the capacitors that are not being measured, thereby eliminating any interference that might be caused by these capacitors.
Abstract:
Devices for converting digital data into a light pulse train and decoding such a pulse train are disclosed. The light pulse generating device (60) generates a train of light pulses having a pattern determined by a numerical value represented by a plurality of binary bits. The light pulse train generating device (60) stores the bits in a register (62). Each cell (63-65) of the register is connected to a light switching device (71-73) that will interrupt a first light beam in response to a light signal if the value stored in the cell is a logical one. If the value is a logical 0, the interruption will not occur. The decoding device (80) utilizes a plurality of light activated switches (84-86) to route individual pulses in the light pulse train to different photodetectors (87-89). The light activated switching devices avoid the delays inherent in electrically activated switching devices.
Abstract:
A light activated AND gate (10) is disclosed which generates a light signal at a first output port (14) in response to the simultaneous presence of light signals at an input port (12) and a control port (18). With a light signal present at the control port (18), a light beam at the input port (12) is reflected from an interface between two regions (13, 15) having different indices of refraction, and the reflected light beam then exits through a first output port (16). In the absence of a light signal at the control port (18), the two regions (13, 15) of the switching device (10) have the same index of refraction, and the light beam at the input port (12) passes through both regions (13, 15) and exits through a second output port (14).