Abstract:
The present invention relates to tubular reactors, optionally in combination with autoclave reactors, for high pressure polymerization of a monomer, preferably ethylene. The tubular reactor comprises at least one thermocouple device for measuring a temperature within the reactor. The invention also concerns a polymerization reactor system comprising said tubular reactor and methods of preparing a polymer in said polymerization reactor system.
Abstract:
A mixing and metering device for mixing and metering liquid chemicals comprises a circulation pump (2) having a suction port and a pressure port, a pipe coil (12), the contents volume of which is dimensioned such that the chemicals metered into the device have a residence time sufficient for the chemical reaction, a choke tube (18) which guides the circulation stream exiting from the pipe coil (12), with formation of a choke point, from the outlet of the pipe coil to a metering conduit (40) which is arranged between the choke tube (18) and the suction port of the circulation pump (2), and at least two metering valves (50, 52), and also a falling tube (28) which is connected to the choke tube (18) and has a vacuum flange (36) of the mixing and metering device to a vacuum device.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for safely producing hydrogen peroxide by injecting dispersed minute bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen into a rapidly flowing liquid medium. The minute bubbles are surrounded by the liquid medium of sufficient volume for preventing an explosive reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen. The liquid medium is formed of an acidic aqueous solution and a Group VIII metal catalyst. Hydrogen is sparged into the flowing medium for dissolution of the hydrogen in the medium. Oxygen bubbles are reacted with the dissolved hydrogen for producing hydrogen peroxide. Preferably, the liquid medium has a velocity of at least 10 feet per second for providing a bubbly flow regime in the reactor. The invention allows the direct combination of oxygen and hydrogen while preventing propagation of an explosive condition within the reactor. The method and apparatus provide for the safe production of hydrogen peroxide with low manufacturing costs.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for safely producing hydrogen peroxide by injecting dispersed minute bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen into a rapidly flowing liquid medium. The minute bubbles are surrounded by the liquid medium of sufficient volume for preventing an explosive reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen. The liquid medium is formed of an acidic aqueous solution and a Group VIII metal catalyst. Hydrogen is sparged into the flowing medium for dissolution of the hydrogen in the medium. Oxygen bubbles are reacted with the dissolved hydrogen for producing hydrogen peroxide. Preferably, the liquid medium has a velocity of at least 10 feet per second for providing a bubbly flow regime in the reactor. The invention allows the direct combination of oxygen and hydrogen while preventing propagation of an explosive condition within the reactor. The method and apparatus provide for the safe production of hydrogen peroxide with low manufacturing costs.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for safely producing hydrogen peroxide by injecting dispersed minute bubbles of hydrogen (28) and oxygen (34) into a rapidly flowing liquid medium (24). The minute bubbles are surrounded by the liquid medium of sufficient volume for preventing an explosive reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen. The liquid medium is formed of an acidic aqueous solution and a Group VIII metal catalyst (14). Hydrogen (28) is sparged into the flowing medium (24) for dissolution of the hydrogen in the medium. Oxygen bubbles (34) are reacted with the dissolved hydrogen for producing hydrogen peroxide (72). Preferably, the liquid medium has a velocity of at least 10 feet per second for providing a bubbly flow regime in the reactor. Water (12) and catalyst (14) are added to tank (16). Preferably, an amount of hydrogen peroxide stabilizer is added to tank (16). The method and apparatus provide for the safe production of hydrogen peroxide with low manufacturing costs.
Abstract:
A continuously flowing fluid is processed by being fed to the top of a hydraulic downdraft column (17) which is of a height such that the pressure at the bottom thereof will approximately be at the pressure necessary to create supercritical water conditions. The fluid is conducted to the bottom of the column (17) and received in a reaction chamber (21) in which the majority of the fluid is recirculated around an annular baffle plate (24). The material in the reaction chamber (21) is heated to a temperature above that necessary to create supercritical water conditions by an independent reaction taking place in a heating chamber (32). The result is that the fluid will undergo chemical reactions at the supercritical temperature and pressure range and will be of a lower specific gravity than the unprocessed fluid. The material not being recirculated in the chamber (21) is fed to one of two updraft columns (30, 31), a start-up column (30) used to preheat the material in the downdraft column (17) during initiation of the process, and a second column (31) isolated from the downdraft column (17) so as not to transmit any heat thereto during normal operation of the process. The temperature of the fluid in the downdraft column (17) is thereby controlled to prevent decomposition of the material until the fluid enters the reaction chamber (21) at which time it is abruptly brought up to the supercritical water temperature.
Abstract:
적어도 일부가 수직으로 배향되고, 이 수직 부분의 적어도 일부가 냉각 유체의 통과를 위한 동심 재킷에 의해 둘러싸이며, 40 barg ~ 65 barg 의 설계 압력 (P R ) 을 가지는 중합 반응에서 사용되는 관형 반응기가 개시되며, 재킷의 barg 단위의 설계 압력 (P J ) 은 0.0018.P R 2 .25 미만이다. 본 발명의 다른 양태는, 적어도 일부가 수직으로 배향되고, 이 수직 부분의 적어도 일부가 냉각 유체의 통과를 위한 동심 재킷에 의해 둘러싸이며, 40 barg ~ 65 barg 의 설계 압력 (P R ) 을 가지는 중합 반응에서 사용되는 관형 반응기에 관한 것이고, 반응기 벽의 실제 두께는 ASME Boiler 및 Pressure Vessel 코드에 따라 계산된 바와 같은 설계 압력 (P R ) 을 견디기 위해 요구되는 최소 벽 두께보다 2 mm 이하로 및/또는 10 % 이하로 더 크다.