Abstract:
A particulate, free-flowing and rapid dissolving polymer composition is prepared by comminuting a high molecular weight thermoplastic or viscoelastic polymer at a temperature below its glass transition temperature while maintaining the polymer in an inert environment. A finely divided, solid coating agent is mingled with the comminuted polymer while maintaining the polymer particles in a cold and inert atmosphere. The particles of coating agent form a protective shell around each polymer particle by tumble mixing the components while raising the temperature of the mixture. The polymer composition finds use as a drag reducing agent; as an anti-misting agent; to enhance the efficiency of oil skimming processes and devices; and for the preparation of polymer solutions for other uses.
Abstract:
A method for separating liquids, particularly hydrocarbons from water, whereby a small amount of a high molecular weight polymer is dissolved in the hydrocarbon to render it viscoelastic. A hydrocarbon layer is then mechanically removed from the water in a manner which causes rapid stretching of the hydrocarbon with attendant development of elastic properties in the hydrocarbon layer. The polymer may be applied to the surface of the hydrocarbon as droplets of a relatively concentrated polymer solution or as solid particulates having a polymer core covered by a powdered solid material which is non-reactive toward the polymer.
Abstract:
Oil soluble combinations of (A) ethylene polymer or copolymer, (B) a second polymer having alkyl side chains of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and derived from carboxylic acid esters and/or olefins, and (C) nitrogen compounds, such as amides, amine salts and ammonium salts, of carboxylic acids or anhydrides, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon fuel oils.
Abstract:
Oil soluble ethylene polymers or copolymers having a M.sub.n less than about 4000 in combination with an oil soluble polyester material such as a homopolymer or copolymer comprising, at least 10% by weight C.sub.4 to C.sub.16 substantially straight-chain alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon oils.
Abstract:
Oil soluble ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers having a M.sub.n less than about 4000 in combination with an oil soluble polyester material, such as a homopolymer or copolymer, comprising at least 10% by weight C.sub.14 to C.sub.16 substantially straight-chain alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon oils.
Abstract:
The low temperature flowability of a middle distillate petroleum fuel boiling within the range of about 250* and about 700*F. at atmospheric pressure is improved by adding to the fuel a combination of a microcrystalline petroleum wax and a wax modifying additive which comprises either a polymer containing halogenated polymethylene segments or an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinamic acid or a derivative thereof. The invention is particularly advantageous in improving the flow of a diesel fuel through a fine filter at low temperatures.
Abstract:
Hydrocarbon oils such as residua fuels, residua-containing fuels, flash distillate fuels and crude oils are improved in their pour points by the incorporation of a pour point depressing copolymer of 82 to 90 mole percent ethylene with certain substituted ethylenes of 3 to 40 carbon atoms which have less than 18 carbon atoms in any linear side chains.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of a block copolymer as detergent additive in an internal combustion engine liquid fuel. The block copolymer comprises: - at least one block A of following formula (I): (I) in which n is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, R1 is chosen from hydrogen and the methyl group, R2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon-based chains, - at least one block B of following formula (II): (II) in which p is an integer between 2 and 40, and G is chosen from: o an aryl group, and o an aryl group substituted by at least one group chosen from: • a group R, • a C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon-based chain, and • a C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted by at least one group R, said group R being chosen from the group consisting of: - the groups comprising from 1 to 40 atoms chosen from C, N, and optionally O, and comprising at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine function, and - quaternary ammoniums.
Abstract:
The disclosure provides conductivity improving concentrates and methods for improving conductivity and reducing risks associated with static discharge in middle distillate fuel compositions, particularly diesel fuels. The conductivity improvement is provided by the combination of a detergent and a cold flow improver, which are preferably and advantageously pre-blended in an additive concentrate. The disclosure is particularly beneficial for ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions in that it provides a conductivity benefit without adding sulfur into the fuel composition.