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    OXIDATION CATALYSTS
    75.
    发明专利
    OXIDATION CATALYSTS 未知

    公开(公告)号：AU5479273A

    公开(公告)日：1974-10-24

    申请号：AU5479273

    申请日：1973-04-19

    Applicant: STANDARD OIL CO OHIO

    Inventor： MILBERGER ERNEST CARL ,  DOLHYJ SERGE ROMAN

    IPC: B01J23/28 ,  B01J23/30 ,  B01J23/88 ,  C07C51/23 ,  C07C51/25 ,  C07C51/31 ,  C07C51/54 ,  B01J11/06

    Abstract: 1427389 Maleic anhydride STANDARD OIL CO 18 April 1973 [5 May 1972] 18738/73 Heading C2C [Also in Division B1] Maleic anhydride is produced by oxidizing 1,3-butadiene, n-butenes, crotonaldehyde, furan or a mixture thereof with molecular oxygen at 250-600‹ C. using a catalyst comprising antimony, molybdenum, oxygen, vanadium and/or iron and, optionally, tungsten, magnesium, aluminium and/or nickel in the atomic proportions Sb a Mo b V c Fed Z e O x wherein: Z=W, Mg, Al and/or Ni; a=1-9; b=1-10; c, d, e=0-1 but c + d is greater than zero; and x is a number to satisfy valency requirements. The reaction pressure is usually superatmospheric but may be atmospheric or subatmospheric with a contact time of 1 to 50 sees. The feed may contain diluents, e.g. steam, nitrogen and carbon oxides. An air to reactant ratio of 12 to 20=1 may be employed. The examples describe the use of butadiene as feed to give a maleic anhydride product containing some acrylic acid.

    Method and apparatus for separating materials by continuous liquid thermal diffusion
    77.
    发明专利
    Method and apparatus for separating materials by continuous liquid thermal diffusion 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB733580A

    公开(公告)日：1955-07-13

    申请号：GB1545353

    申请日：1953-06-04

    Applicant: STANDARD OIL CO

    Inventor： JONES ARTHUR LETCHER ,  MILBERGER ERNEST CARL

    IPC: B01D17/00

    Abstract: In the continuous separation of liquids by thermal diffusion, the liquid is passed through a narrow uniform slit formed between two walls spaced equidistantly apart at about 0.01-0.15 inch and maintained at different temperatures, a liquid-permeable membrane being arranged intermediate and parallel to the wall faces; liquid is fed into the space between the membrane and one of the walls, and one fraction is withdrawn from a point remote from the inlet on the same side of the membrane, and another fraction from the space on the other side of the membrane. In Fig. 1 the membrane 16 is arranged between two wall faces 17, 24 which are cooled and heated respectively by jackets 31, 36. Inlet and outlet ports 21, 22, 29, 30 are provided at the ends of the slit or at an intermediate point 40. In Fig. 28 (not shown) two slits have their hot walls arranged back to back and heated by an electric resistance element. Fig. 29 shows apparatus in which the slit-forming surfaces are in tubular form, membranes 52 being interposed between the surfaces of tubes 46, 47; the liquid treated and the fractions withdrawn flow through lines 61, 62, 64, 66, and heating or cooling media are circulated via lines 67, 69, 70, 71. The walls are made from material which is liquid impervious, heat conductive, and unreactive with the substances being separated; suitable materials are stainless steel, copper, aluminium, glass, brass and other alloys. Membranes may consist of paper (e.g. duplicator or tracing), a film of bentonite clay, a thin sheet of porous stainless steel, or a laminate of fibre glass impregnated with a clay filler. The slit may be in a vertical, horizontal, or inclined position; one of the fractions withdrawn may be passed to a second slit for further separation, and so on. A series of diagrams show various arrangements of input and withdrawal ports, and flow patterns for multiple slit operation. The directions of introduction and withdrawal are preferably such as not to interfere with thermal circulation within the slit; the rate of flow of liquid may, however, be greater than that of thermal circulation. Graphs show the relationship between the degree of separation and the feed rate, with different wall face areas, membranes and flow patterns; results obtained using slits without membrances are included for comparison. Examples relate to the separation of mixtures of cetane and methyl naphthalene, benzyl alcohol and ethylene glycol, and a petroleum lubricating oil into fractions of different viscosities. Reference is also made to the separation of isomeric hydrocarbons, vegetable oils, fats, and waxes, hormones, viruses, antibiotics and vitamins.

    78.
    发明专利
    未知

    公开(公告)号：MX163226B

    公开(公告)日：1992-03-18

    申请号：MX19521982

    申请日：1982-11-17

    Applicant: STANDARD OIL CO OHIO

    Inventor： BLUM PATRICIA RAE ,  MILBERGER ERNEST CARL ,  NICHOLAS MARK LEE ,  ZOCK PATRICIA ANN

    IPC: C07D307/60 ,  B01J27/14 ,  B01J27/198 ,  B01J27/28 ,  B01J37/16 ,  B01J38/30 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C51/215

    Abstract: A process for activating fluid bed catalysts useful for producing maleic anhydride from 4-carbon atom hydrocarbons consists in contacting the fluidized catalyst containing the mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus with oxygen and a reducing gas at least partially combustible with oxygen at elevated temperatures sufficient to cause such combustion, the molar ratio of reducing gas to oxygen being below the stiochiometric ratio required for complete combustion of the reducing gas. The activated catalysts are used to producing maleic anhydride from 4-carbon atom hydrocarbons.

    IMPROVED MIXED VANADIUM PHOSPHORUS OXIDE CATALYSTS
    79.
    发明专利
    IMPROVED MIXED VANADIUM PHOSPHORUS OXIDE CATALYSTS 未知

    公开(公告)号：IN160581B

    公开(公告)日：1987-07-18

    申请号：IN51DE1981

    申请日：1981-01-28

    Applicant: STANDARD OIL CO OHIO

    Inventor： MILBERGER ERNEST CARL ,  BREMER NOEL JEROME ,  DRIA DENNIS EDWARD

    IPC: C07D307/60 ,  B01J23/00 ,  B01J23/22 ,  B01J27/18 ,  B01J27/198 ,  C01B25/37 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C51/215 ,  B01J11/08

    Abstract: Improved oxidation catalysts containing mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus which catalysts are particularly effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3-butadiene or a mixture thereof with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapour phase to produce excellent yields of maleic anhydride with very good selectivity, are prepared by a process in which at least one vanadium compound, a substantial portion of which is in the pentavalent state, and at least one phosphorus-containing compound is added to an organic liquid medium capable of reducing at least a portion of the vanadium to a +4 valence state, to form a reaction mixture. Partial reduction of the vanadium is effected in the presence of the phosphorus-containing compound and a highly ordered and uniform mixed vanadium phosphorus oxide-containing catalyst precursor is formed. An oxidation catalyst comprising the mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus characterized by an average valence state of vanadium from +3.9 to +4.6, and a phosphorus to vanadium ratio of 1 : 1 to 1.2 : 1, wherein the macrostructure of the catalyst predominantly comprises generally spheroid particles consisting of stacks of integrally associated sheets of catalytic material is also disclosed.

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