Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide methods and apparatus for defining a single structure (11) on a semiconductor wafer by spatial frequency components. SOLUTION: Some of the spatial frequency components (12-16) are derived by optical lithography and some by interferometric lithography techniques. Interferometric lithography images the high frequency components while optical lithography images the low frequency components. Optics collects many spatial frequencies and the interferometry shifts the spatial frequencies to high spatial frequencies. Thus, since the mask does not need to provide high spatial frequencies, the masks are configured to create only low frequency components, thereby allowing fabrication of simpler masks having larger structures. These methods and apparatus facilitate writing more complex repetitive as well as non-repetitive patterns in a single exposure with a resolution which is higher than that currently available using known optical lithography alone. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
Novel catalytic materials and novel methods of preparing M-N—C catalytic materials utilizing a sacrificial support approach and using inexpensive active polymers as the carbon and nitrogen source and readily available metal precursors are described.
Abstract:
An authentication protocol using a Hardware-Embedded Delay PUF ("HELP"), which derives randomness from within-die path delay variations that occur along the paths within a hardware implementation of a cryptographic primitive, for example, the Advanced Encryption Standard ("AES") algorithm or Secure Hash Algorithm 3 ("SHA-3"). The digitized timing values which represent the path delays are stored in a database on a secure server (verifier) as an alternative to storing PUF response bitstrings thereby enabling the development of an efficient authentication protocol that provides both privacy and mutual authentication.
Abstract:
In one aspect, the invention provides immunogenic HPV L2-containing viral-like particles (VLPs). Related compositions (e.g. vaccines), nucleic acid constructs, and therapeutic methods are also provided. In certain aspects, the VLPs are comprised of a coat polypeptide of the bacteriophages PP7 or MS2, wherein the coat protein is modified by insertion of peptide antigens derived from HPV L2, and wherein the HPV L2 peptide is displayed on the VLP and encapsidates PP7 or MS2 mRNA. Specifically, VLPs of the invention display L2 peptides at the N- terminus of the bacteriophage coat protein. Surprisingly, these L2-displaying VLPs induce more broadly neutralizing antibody responses than when the same peptide is displayed in the AB-loop such that the immunogenic response is enhanced by a factor of at least 10. Immunogenic VLPs and related compositions of the invention induce high titer antibody responses against HPV L2 and protect against HPV challenge in vivo.
Abstract:
This disclosure provides radiolabeled compounds that bind to guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) and which can bind cancer cells that express GCC. Exemplary compounds comprise a chelating moiety capable of binding a radioactive atom, a peptide capable of binding GCC, and a linker moiety connecting the two. This disclosure also provides methods of detecting and treating cancer using the compounds described herein.