公开(公告)号：US5220403A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-15

申请号：US954282

申请日：1992-09-30

Applicant: John S. Batchelder ,  Philip C. D. Hobbs ,  Marc A. Taubenblatt

Inventor： John S. Batchelder ,  Philip C. D. Hobbs ,  Marc A. Taubenblatt

IPC: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/95 ,  G02B3/00 ,  G02B21/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/9505 ,  G02B21/0016 ,  G02B3/00 ,  G01J2003/421 ,  G01J2009/0207 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N2021/1725 ,  G01N2021/1782 ,  G01N2021/8822 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N2201/0638 ,  G01N2201/1087

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for performing high resolution optical imaging in the near infrared of internal features of semiconductor wafers uses an optical device made from a material having a high index of refraction and held in very close proximity to the wafer. The optical device may either be a prism or a plano-convex lens. The plano-convex lens may be held in contact with the wafer or separated from the wafer via an air bearing or an optical coupling fluid to allow the sample to be navigated beneath the lens. The lens may be used in a number of optical instruments such as a bright field microscope, a Schlieren microscope, a dark field microscope, a Linnik interferometer, a Raman spectroscope and an absorption spectroscope.

Abstract translation: 在半导体晶片的内部特征的近红外线中执行高分辨率光学成像的装置和方法使用由具有高折射率的材料制成的光学装置，并且保持非常靠近晶片。 光学器件可以是棱镜或平凸透镜。 平凸透镜可以保持与晶片接触或通过空气轴承或光耦合流体与晶片分离，以允许样品在透镜下面导航。 透镜可以用于许多光学仪器，例如明视野显微镜，Schlieren显微镜，暗视野显微镜，Linnik干涉仪，拉曼光谱仪和吸收光谱仪。

公开(公告)号：US4938593A

公开(公告)日：1990-07-03

申请号：US226627

申请日：1988-08-10

Applicant: Michael D. Morris ,  Konan Peck

Inventor： Michael D. Morris ,  Konan Peck

IPC: G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N27/447

CPC classification number: G01N21/171 ,  G01N27/44721 ,  G01N21/5911 ,  G01N2201/1087

Abstract: A densitometer apparatus for evaluating electrophoresis gel samples based on photothermal techniques. In accordance with this invention, electrophoresis gels are characterized by passing a heating light beam through the gel at a particular location. Light absorbed by the presence of staining dyes in that area causes heat evolution which generates a local index of refraction variation or a "thermal lens". A probe beam is passed through the sample in the area of the thermal lens a predetermined period of time after it is generated and the modification to the beam caused by the thermal lens is evaluated. For example, defocusing of the probe beam can be sensed by a detector which receives transmitted light through a limiting aperture. Various means of separating the heating and probe beams are disclosed, including use of separate lasers, crossed beams, modulation by plane of polarization, etc. One embodiment of this invention is particularly adapted for characterizing dry gels in which the heating beam is absorbed by the sample and the probe beam passes across the sample and is modified by a thermal lens generated in the air above the sample. Several embodiments are related to means for offsetting the probe beam from the heating beam for use with samples that are swept by the photothermal techniques in accordance with this invention offer advantages in terms of sensitivity over conventional transmission-type densitometers. These advantages enable increased sensitivity and facilitate the use of simplified staining techniques.

Abstract translation: 一种用于基于光热技术评估电泳凝胶样品的浓度计装置。 根据本发明，电泳凝胶的特征在于使加热光束在特定位置通过凝胶。 由于该区域染色染料的存在而吸收的光导致产生局部折射率变化或“透镜”的散热。 探测光束在产生之后的预定时间段内通过热透镜的区域中的样品，并且评估由热透镜引起的光束的修改。 例如，探测光束的散焦可以由接收透射光通过限制孔径的检测器来感测。 公开了分离加热和探针光束的各种装置，包括使用单独的激光器，交叉光束，通过偏振平面的调制等。本发明的一个实施例特别适用于表征干凝胶，其中加热光束被吸收 样品和探针光束穿过样品，并通过样品上方的空气中产生的热透镜进行修饰。 几个实施例涉及用于将探针光束从加热光束偏移的装置，以便与根据本发明的光热技术扫描的样品一起使用，以提供与传统透射型密度计相比的灵敏度方面的优点。 这些优点使得灵敏度增加并且便于使用简化的染色技术。

公开(公告)号：US4902132A

公开(公告)日：1990-02-20

申请号：US205725

申请日：1988-06-13

Applicant: Martin J. Murphy, Jr. ,  Jack B. Stubbs ,  Thomas A. Leonard

Inventor： Martin J. Murphy, Jr. ,  Jack B. Stubbs ,  Thomas A. Leonard

IPC: C12M1/34 ,  G01N15/12 ,  G01N15/14 ,  G01N21/51

CPC classification number: G01N15/1468 ,  C12M23/16 ,  C12M41/36 ,  G01N15/12 ,  G01N21/51 ,  G01N2201/103 ,  G01N2201/1087

Abstract: A plurality of parallel spaced cylindrical capillary tubes contain single cells and/or cell colonies in a medium and gel-like agarose, and the tubes are carried by a frame-like holder supported by a motor driven X-Y translation stage of an automated microscope. The microscope also incorporates an electronic optical detector and an object lens located under the tube holder. The entire contents of each tube are internally illuminated by a precision light beam emitted from a helium-neon laser and reflected by a set of precisely positioned mirrors so that the beam extends axially through each tube when the tube extends across the vertical axis of the object lens. The contents of the tubes are sequentially scanned under the control of special software within a personal computer, and the intensity of the light reflected outwardly from each cell or cell colony is sensed by the detector and recorded in the computer along with the axial location of the reflecting cell or cell colony. Preferably, the laser light is pure red, the optical detector is sensitive to the red light, and the object lens is focused on the wall of the tube to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and to obtain full field detection across each tube.

Abstract translation: 多个平行间隔开的​​圆柱形毛细管在培养基和凝胶状琼脂糖中含有单个细胞和/或细胞集落，并且管由由自动显微镜的电动机驱动的X-Y平移台支撑的框架状支架承载。 显微镜还包括位于管座下方的电子光学检测器和物镜。 每个管的整个内容物由从氦氖激光器发射并由一组精确定位的反射镜反射的精确光束内部照射，使得当管延伸穿过物体的垂直轴线时，光束轴向延伸穿过每个管 镜片。 在个人计算机内的特殊软件的控制下依次扫描管内容物，并且由每个细胞或细胞集落向外反射的光的强度由检测器检测并记录在计算机中以及 反映细胞或细胞集落。 优选地，激光是纯红色，光学检测器对红光敏感，并且物镜聚焦在管的壁上以最大化信噪比并且跨越每个管获得全场检测。

公开(公告)号：US4877965A

公开(公告)日：1989-10-31

申请号：US751746

申请日：1985-07-01

Applicant: Walter B. Dandliker ,  Howard S. Barr ,  Henry S. Katzenstein ,  Keith R. Watson

Inventor： Walter B. Dandliker ,  Howard S. Barr ,  Henry S. Katzenstein ,  Keith R. Watson

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  G02B21/16

CPC classification number: G01N21/6408 ,  G02B21/16 ,  G01N21/6456 ,  G01N21/6458 ,  G01N2201/1087

Abstract: A fluorometer for measuring a particular fluorescence emanating from a specimen and operating in accordance with the following method. Producing a burst of concentrated light energy and directing the concentrated light energy toward the specimen to produce a fluorescence from the specimen including the particular fluorescence. Preferably producing an image of the fluorescence. Detecting the fluorescence and producing a signal in accordance with the fluorescence. Controlling the passage of the image of the fluorescence for detecting within a particular time period so as to optimize the detection of the particular fluorescence. Timing the operation to sequence the detection of the fluorescence within the particular time period after the production of the burst of concentrated light energy. Scanning the fluorescence from the specimen for forming signals representative of the fluorescence from the specimen. Analyzing the signals to enhance the portion of the signal representing the particular fluorescence relative to the portion of the signal.

Abstract translation: 一种荧光计，用于测量从样品发出的特定荧光并根据以下方法进行操作。 产生集中的光能的突发，并将集中的光能引导到样品以从包括特定荧光的样品产生荧光。 优选地产生荧光图像。 根据荧光检测荧光并产生信号。 控制在特定时间段内用于检测的荧光图像的通过，以便优化特定荧光的检测。 计算在产生聚集的光能的突发之后的特定时间段内对荧光的检测进行排序的操作。 扫描来自样品的荧光，以形成代表来自样品荧光的信号。 分析信号以增强表示相对于信号部分的特定荧光的信号部分。

公开(公告)号：US4526468A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-02

申请号：US509597

申请日：1983-06-30

Applicant: Edgar F. Steigmeier ,  Heinrich Auderset

Inventor： Edgar F. Steigmeier ,  Heinrich Auderset

IPC: G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/95 ,  G01N21/01

CPC classification number: G01N21/9501 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2021/5938 ,  G01N2201/1087

Abstract: A method of determining the crystalline or structural quality of phase transformable material such as silicon uses light scattering. The material is exposed to a beam of light of a selected wavelength. Scattered light having an intensity above a threshold is detected to provide a signal which is used to control the intensity of a display beam of a visual display device. The threshold is varied to thereby vary the display beam intensity so as to provide the minimum intensity of display beam which yields a full display. The value of the thusly adjusted threshold intensity is used as a direct measure of the structural quality of the material.The light scattering process is used to determine the phase of deposited material.A layer of silicon material annealed from as-deposited amorphous phase material is easily and quickly distinguished from material as-deposited crystalline phase material and subsequently annealed.

Abstract translation: 确定相变材料如硅的结晶或结构质量的方法使用光散射。 该材料暴露于所选波长的光束。 检测强度高于阈值的散射光，以提供用于控制视觉显示装置的显示光束强度的信号。 改变阈值从而改变显示光束强度，以便提供产生全显示的显示光束的最小强度。 将这样调整的阈值强度的值用作对材料的结构质量的直接测量。 光散射过程用于确定沉积材料的相位。 从沉积的非晶相材料退火的硅材料层容易且快速地与材料沉积的晶相材料区分开，随后退火。

公开(公告)号：EP2620762A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-31

申请号：EP11826797.0

申请日：2011-09-16

Applicant: Olympus Corporation

Inventor： TANABE, Tetsuya

IPC: G01N21/64

CPC classification number: G01N21/85 ,  G01N15/1434 ,  G01N21/6452 ,  G01N21/6458 ,  G01N2021/6419 ,  G01N2021/6421 ,  G01N2201/1087 ,  G02B21/0052 ,  G02B21/0076 ,  G02B21/008

Abstract: There is provided a method of avoiding deterioration of the accuracy in the number of detected light-emitting particles due to that two or more light-emitting particles are encompassed at a time in the light detection region in the scanning molecule counting method using an optical measurement with a confocal microscope or a multiphoton microscope. In the inventive optical analysis technique, in the detection of an individual signal indicating light of a light-emitting particle in a manner that a signal having an intensity beyond a threshold value is selectively detected as a signal indicating light of a light-emitting particle in light intensity data produced through measuring light intensity during moving the position of a light detection region in a sample solution by changing the optical path of the optical system of the confocal microscope or multiphoton microscope, the threshold value is set so that a signal indicating light from a light-emitting particle encompassed in a region narrower than the light detection region in the light detection region will be detected selectively.

公开(公告)号：EP2149050A2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-03

申请号：EP08827082.2

申请日：2008-04-25

Applicant: The Regents Of The University Of California

Inventor： MEINHART, Carl, D. ,  PIOREK, Brian ,  LEE, Seung, Joon ,  MOSKOVITS, Martin ,  BANERJEE, Sanjoy ,  SANTIAGO, Juan, G.

IPC: G01N33/543

CPC classification number: G01N21/658 ,  G01N21/0332 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N33/0057 ,  G01N2021/0346 ,  G01N2201/06113 ,  G01N2201/1087 ,  Y10S977/902

Abstract: Provided are methods, devices and systems that utilize free-surface fluidics and SERS for analyte detection with high sensitivity and specificity. The molecules can be airborne agents, including but not limited to explosives, narcotics, hazardous chemicals, or other chemical species. The free-surface fluidic architecture is created using an open microchannel, and exhibits a large surface to volume ratio. The free-surface fluidic interface can filter interferent molecules, while concentrating airborne analyte molecules. The microchannel flow enables controlled aggregation of SERS-active probe particles in the flow, thereby enhancing the detector's sensitivity.

公开(公告)号：EP0582669B1

公开(公告)日：1998-08-26

申请号：EP92912206.7

申请日：1992-04-29

Applicant: E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY

Inventor： WOLF, William, Edward ,  LIVERMORE, Robert, Hubbard ,  DREYFUSS, David, Daniel ,  MAJESKI, John, Joseph, III ,  PALECKI, Eugene, Francis ,  SIMPSON, Thomas, William, III

IPC: G01N21/85 ,  G01N21/47

CPC classification number: G01N21/53 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N2021/845 ,  G01N2021/8592 ,  G01N2201/0642 ,  G01N2201/065 ,  G01N2201/1087

公开(公告)号：EP0679325B1

公开(公告)日：1997-10-15

申请号：EP94905056.1

申请日：1994-01-13

Applicant: SCHUTZE, Raimund

Inventor： SCHUTZE, Raimund

IPC: H05H3/04 ,  G01N15/10 ,  G02B21/32

CPC classification number: G01N15/0205 ,  C12M41/46 ,  G01N2201/103 ,  G01N2201/1087

Abstract: The description relates to a device for handling, treating and observing small particles, especially biological particles. A first laser (4) generates light beams in a first wavelength range which are focussed by a first optical device (12, 13; 14, 15) and form an optical trap. A slide (22) holds corresponding particles. There is also a light source (17) for observation purposes and observation and recording devices for observing the particles and recording their behaviour. A second laser (3) generates light beams in a second wavelength range which are focussed so that particles on the slide may be treated. The optical devices for the light beams can be positioned and adjusted independently of each other and thus the light beams can be focussed in the same object plane of the slide at the start of treatment and observation independently of their wavelengths.

公开(公告)号：EP0582669A1

公开(公告)日：1994-02-16

申请号：EP92912206.0

申请日：1992-04-29

Applicant: E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY

Inventor： WOLF, William, Edward ,  LIVERMORE, Robert, Hubbard ,  DREYFUSS, David, Daniel ,  MAJESKI, John, Joseph, III ,  PALECKI, Eugene, Francis ,  SIMPSON, Thomas, William, III

IPC: G01N21

CPC classification number: G01N21/53 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N2021/845 ,  G01N2021/8592 ,  G01N2201/0642 ,  G01N2201/065 ,  G01N2201/1087

Abstract: Appareil de détection optique de contamination absorbant la lumière dans une particule au moins de matière à faible perte optique, comprenant une chambre d'intégration optique servant à contenir les particules. Un laser émettant un rayon laser afin d'illuminer les particules est monté dans le plan de rotation d'un miroir pivotant de manière à balayer en éventail. Un ensemble de balayage est monté dans l'alignement optique du laser afin de réfléchir le rayon laser pour que celui-ci balaye les particules contenues dans la chambre d'intégration optique. Un système de focalisation est monté dans l'alignement du laser, afin de focaliser le rayon laser de balayage sur les particules contenues dans la chambre, le système de focalisation opérant en conjonction avec le système de balayage, de telle sorte que la lumière du rayon soit réfléchie à partir des particules et diffusée de manière répétitive contre les parois internes de la chambre d'intégration. Un système de détection de la lumière est logé dans la chambre d'intégration afin de capter la lumière diffusée de manière répétitive contre les parois internes de la chambre d'intégration et de générer un signal indiquant l'intensité de la lumière ainsi diffusée. Toute décroissance de l'intensité de la lumière ainsi diffusée est fonction de la présence dans la matière en question d'une contamination absorbant la lumière.